Swedish Pomerania (Swedish: Svenska Pommern; German: Schwedisch-Pommern) is a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815, situated on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland.
Following the Polish War and the Thirty Years' War, Sweden holds extensive control over the lands on the southern Baltic coast, including Pomerania and parts of Livonia and Prussia (dominium maris baltici).Sweden, present in Pomerania with a garrison at Stralsund since 1628, gains effective control of the Duchy of Pomerania with the Treaty of Stettin in 1630.
At the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the Treaty of Stettin in 1653, Sweden receives Western Pomerania, or Vorpommern with the islands of Rügen, Usedom, and Wolin, and a strip of Eastern Pomerania, or Hinterpommern.
The peace treaties are negotiated while the Swedish queen Christina is a minor, and the Swedish Empire is governed by members of the high aristocracy.
As a consequence, Pomerania is not annexed to Sweden like the French war gains, which would have meant abolition of serfdom which since the Pomeranian peasant laws of 1616 is practiced there in its most severe form.
Instead, it remains part of the Holy Roman Empire, making the Swedish rulers Reichsfürsten (imperial princes) and leaving the nobility in full charge of the rural areas and its inhabitants.
While the Swedish Pomeranian nobles are subjected to reduction when the late 17th century kings regain political power, the provisions of the peace of Westphalia continue to prevent the pursuit of the uniformity policy in Pomerania until the Holy Roman empire is dissolved in 1806.In 1679, Sweden loses most of her Pomeranian possessions east of the Oder river in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and in 1720, Sweden loses her possessions south of the Peene and east of the Peenestrom rivers in the Treaty of Stockholm.
These areas are ceded to Brandenburg-Prussia and are integrated into Brandenburgian Pomerania.
Also in 1720, Sweden regains the remainder of her dominion in the Treaty of Frederiksborg, which had been lost to Denmark in 1715.
In 1814, as a result of the Napoleonic Wars Swedish Pomerania is ceded to Denmark in exchange for Norway in the Treaty of Kiel, and in 1815, as a result of the Congress of Vienna, transferred to Prussia.
