Portugal, Avizan (Joannine) Kingdom of

The Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves is Portugal's general designation under its monarchy.

The kingdom is located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and exists from 1139 to 1910.

The monarchy in Portugal is abolished and replaced by the First Portuguese Republic after the October 5, 1910 revolution.Portugal traces its national origin to June 24, 1128, with the Battle of São Mamede, following which Afonso had proclaimed himself the first Prince of Portugal and in 1139 the first King of Portugal.

By 1143, with the assistance of a representative of the Holy See at the conference of Zamora, Portugal is formally recognized as independent, with the prince recognized as Dux Portucalensis.

In 1179, Afonso I is declared, by the Pope, as king.

After the Battle of São Mamede, the first capital of Portugal was Guimarães from which the first king ruled.

Later, when Portugal is already officially independent, he rules from Coimbra.From 1249 to 1250 the Algarve, the southernmost region, is finally re-conquered by Portugal from the Moors.

In 1255, the capital shifts to Lisbon.

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