Debrecen Hajdu-Bihar Hungary
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The Protestant, or Calvinist, College of Debrecen (now the University of Debrecen) is founded in the Turkish occupied, but semiautonomous, Hungarian city of Debrecen in 1538.
The University of Debrecen is today the oldest continuously operating institution of higher education in Hungary.
Hungary's first printing press is established in 1561 at Debrecen, whose inhabitants are mainly Hungarian Calvinists.
A rump Hungarian Diet in Debrecen, inspired by Lajos Kossuth, proclaims the full independence of Hungary and the deposition of the Habsburg dynasty on April 14, 1849.
Kossuth is named governor and given dictatorial powers.
Austrian reinforcements are transferred to Hungary after the declaration.
The head of state of Hungary becomes Lajos Kossuth, as governor president.
Bitter fighting has continued for some weeks in Hungary, but Russian might has made the odds too heavy.
On August 12, Kossuth flees the country for the Ottoman Empire, transferring his authority to Görgey, who the next day surrenders at Világos to the Russian commander.