Kaluga Kaluzhskaya Oblast Russia
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The Great Stand on the Ugra river between the forces of Ahmed Khan of the Great Horde and the Grand Prince Ivan III of Moscow in 1480 results in the retreat of the Tataro-Mongols and the eventual disintegration of the Horde.
The second False Dmitriy had fled from Tushino to his base at Kaluga after the election of Władysław as tsar.
Supported by the Don Cossacks, he has recovered his hold over all southeastern Russia.
However, his position is precarious even here, and he is killed, while half drunk, on the 11th of December 1610 by a Tatar princeling, Peter Urusov, whom he had flogged.
Marina Mniszech, pregnant with the new "heir" to the Russian throne, Ivan Dmitriyevich, will continue to be a factor in Russian politics until her eventual death in 1614.
Russian visionary writer and theorist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky provides the theoretical basis for space travel.
Tsiolkovsky will state that he developed the theory of rocketry only as a supplement to philosophical research on the subject.
He will write more than four hundred works including approximately ninety published pieces on space travel and related subjects.
Among his works are designs for rockets with steering thrusters, multistage boosters, space stations, airlocks for exiting a spaceship into the vacuum of space, and closed-cycle biological systems to provide food and oxygen for space colonies.