White Mountain Hlavni mesto Praha Czech Republic

The Catholic League’s two armies have united and moved north into Bohemia, where on November 8, 1620, Tilly decisively defeats Elector Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, (to which Bethlen had sent three thousand troops, which had arrived too late).

Half of Frederick’s forces are killed or captured, Tilly losing only seven hundred men.

The Emperor regains control over Bohemia, ending the first stage of the League's activity during the Thirty Years War.

In addition to becoming Catholic, Bohemia is to remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years.

This defeat leads to the dissolution of the League of Evangelical Union and the loss of Frederick's holdings.

Frederick is outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire and his territories, the Rhenish Palatinate, are given to Catholic nobles.

His title of elector of the Palatinate is given to his distant cousin Duke Maximilian of Bavaria.

Frederick, now landless, is to make himself a prominent exile abroad in attempts to curry support for his cause in Sweden, Netherlands and Denmark.

This is a serious blow to Protestant ambitions in the region.

As the rebellion collapses, the widespread confiscation of property and suppression of the Bohemian nobility ensures that the country will return to the Catholic side after more than two centuries of Hussite and other religious dissent.

The Spanish, seeking to outflank the Dutch in preparation for renewal of the Eighty Years' War, take Frederick's lands, the Rhine Palatinate.