Al-Nuʿmān ibn al-Mundhir

Al-Nuʿmān ibn al-Mundhir, known in Greek sources as Naamanes, is a king of the Ghassanids, a Christian Arab tribe allied to the Byzantine Empire.

The eldest son of Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith, he rises in revolt with his tribe after his father is treacherously arrested by the Byzantines in 581.

After two years of revolt, seeking to reconcile himself with the Empire, he visitsthe new emperor, Maurice (r. 582–602), at Constantinople.

Refusing to renounce his Monophysite faith, he is arrested and exiled to Sicily, where his father had been banned earlier.

This event marks the end of the Ghassanid control over the Byzantines' Arab foederati and the fragmentation of this strong buffer against invasions from the desert.

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