Epictetus

Epictetus (CE 55 – CE 135) is a Greek sage and Stoic philosopher.

He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Pamukkale, Turkey), and lives in Rome until banishment when he goes to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece where he lives the rest of his life.

His teachings are noted down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses.

Philosophy, Epictetus teaches, is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline.

To Epictetus, all external events are determined by fate, and are thus beyond our control, but we can accept whatever happens calmly and dispassionately.

Individuals, however, are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline.

Suffering arises from trying to control what is uncontrollable, or from neglecting what is within our power.

As part of the universal city that is the universe, human beings have a duty to care for all fellow humans.

The person who follows these precepts will achieve happiness and peace of mind.

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