Mahmud II (20 July 1789 – 1 July 1839) is the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.
He is born in the Topkapi Palace, Constantinople, the posthumous son of Sultan Abdulhamid I.
His reign is notable mostly for the extensive administrative, military and fiscal reforms he institutes, which culminate in the Decree of Tanzimat (Reorganization) that is carried out by his sons Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz I.
