Tirumala Raya

Vijayanagar's reigning raja and Rama Raya's brother Tirumala Deva Raya retire with much of the royal treasure to Penukonda, nearly two hundred miles (three hundred and twenty kilometers) northwest of Madras.

The Battle of Talikota has not resulted in the destruction of the kingdom of Vijayanagar, although the capital city will never fully recover from the ravages it has suffered.

Tirumala attempts to rebuild the army, but ...

...much of the south and southeast is lost as the Nayakas of Madura, ...

...Tanjore (Thanjavur), and ...

...Jinji effectively assert their independence.

Tirumala usurps the throne of the rump Vijayanagar Empire at Penukonda in 1570, officially inaugurating the Aravidu dynasty.

Rebellions and banditry have arisen in many areas.

Tirumala appeals to Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar for aid against a Bijapuri invasion that reaches Penukonda.

He now joins Ahmadnagar and Golconda in a campaign against Bijapur.

Tirumala accepts the new states of the Nayakas of the south, retains the allegiance of Mysore and Keladi, and appoints his three sons as governors of the three linguistic regions of his kingdom—Telugu, Kannada, and Tamil.

Bijapur and Ahmadnagar are drawn into a series of conflicts over the forts in the Maratha region and the Konkan coast.

A treaty between the two in 1571 reveals their interest in restoring a balance in the political situation.

Biijapur recognizes the right of Ahmadnagar to annex Berar and Bidar in return for recognition of Bijapur's right to occupy extensive territories in the south, particularly portions of Vijayanagar.

Tirumala retires in 1572, and his son Sriranga I tries to continue the process of rebuilding while struggling to maintain his place among the Muslim sultanates without any support from the major Telugu houses.

An invasion by Bijapur is repulsed with the aid of Golconda.