https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_UPLE_I/3f7138a9cd92da7d39c65124ab2e5adb.webpBeringian Steppe, Cordilleran Ice, and Pacific RefugiaPlate: Northwestern North America, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_UPLE_II/0c0e3825aaff0d78e68c0108470dc641.webpEastern Beringia, Deglacial Corridors, and the Peopling of the NorthwestPlate: Northwestern North America, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_EHOL/f3dd6e59f4cb693c1e292a44eb71a206.webpChanging Shores, Salmon Rivers, and the Forests of the Early Holocene.Plate: Northwestern North America, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_MHOL_lIr6IvF/30537b6e03bcab68d079d82c901339e2.webpSalmon Rivers, Forested Coasts, and Diversifying Northern LifewaysPlate: Northwestern North America, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_LHOL_jkHR7z3/141bc3c59dc9f0e8d11eb95fbebfe0f6.webpMaritime Intensification, Salmon Rivers, and Coastal NetworksPlate: Northwestern North America, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_EANT/ee8ee65a013cd7af6dd2f9421ac3163d.webpASTt in the Arctic, Ranked Households on the CoastPlate: Northwestern North America, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_AANT/49e05b02138073f7a1014aca863fc289.webpSalmon Rivers, Maritime Camps, and Emerging TraditionsPlate: Northwestern North America, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_CANT/6439f46b3cc912271d9af1b83c5eaf8a.webpRanked Villages and Expanding ExchangePlate: Northwestern North America, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_LANT/f6da7d8993cd95aad2230eb88ab54666.webpGrease Trails, Arctic Frontiers, and Coastal PolitiesPlate: Northwestern North America, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_EMEDL/139db9e73bea7d00b3dba11001dec10c.webpToward Thule and the Classic Northwest CoastPlate: Northwestern North America, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_EMEDU/5e5748ed37d37cc08769b66bf4ab253f.webpSalmon Landscapes, House Communities, and Expanding River NetworksPlate: Northwestern North America, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_HML/e118e676ae478222f8ff9dc0a3c9538d.webpHouse Societies, Grease Trails, and Expanding Ceremonial ExchangePlate: Northwestern North America, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_HMU/423a9d8459c293dfda2ab06c6e11759e.webpRegional Exchange, Ceremonial Landscapes, and Expanding Cultural NetworksPlate: Northwestern North America, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_LML/8b56ce6891e07b6cd15a0d489a721ec0.webpClimatic Adaptation, Regional Specialization, and Enduring Indigenous NetworksPlate: Northwestern North America, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_LMU/389dd04d0205757afa0c46fb8bfe6497.webpMature Indigenous Landscapes and the Threshold of Overseas ContactPlate: Northwestern North America, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_EMOD/6b1d5be8a3626a5f10ca1777849bd982.webpIndigenous Continuity and the First Maritime FrontiersPlate: Northwestern North America, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_HMOD/366c303a682870eecc6895337a94f888.webpMaritime Fur Trade, Imperial Frontiers, and Enduring Indigenous HomelandsPlate: Northwestern North America, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_LMOD/8c4451652e9ad1abffec245bd9f35098.webpIndustrial Corridors, Indigenous Renewal, and the Modern Pacific NorthwestPlate: Northwestern North America, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_REC/95ad9595b66a9c5d7e4477f1e6eb0ae5.webpIndigenous Resurgence, Ecological Reckoning, and the Pacific MetropolisPlate: Northwestern North America, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwestern-north-america/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_UPLE_I_viZl0Az/272f7f651383e31801fad69fa1bf8cd8.webpSiberian Frontiers, River Corridors, and the First High-Latitude PopulationsPlate: Northeast Asia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_UPLE_II/538ca7db1ad960c22113b178e309b3c9.webpBeringian Refugia, Deglacial Reorganization, and the First Ceramic ForagersPlate: Northeast Asia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_EHOL_jmmptSN/eab375cbeb66750f101cc2ec106c154b.webpRiver Forests, Pottery Foragers, and the Changing Northern Pacific.Plate: Northeast Asia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_MHOL_JxcFSG5/b88a38fcbcd6db92fafcda7b95642c7f.webpRiver-Forest Networks, Aquatic Lifeways, and Expanding Ceramic WorldsPlate: Northeast Asia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_LHOL_MaqPxcr/fc8711a8e59e9503867a56104a48ef3f.webpMaritime Foragers, River Worlds, and Widening Northern NetworksPlate: Northeast Asia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_EANT/36b182c94195803d212acd4137d6e17a.webpMetal Frontiers, River Chiefs, and Epi-Jōmon PersistencePlate: Northeast Asia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_AANT/a26cbc6ede9c806084cdca3b2827f507.webpSalmon Lords and River ChiefdomsPlate: Northeast Asia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_CANT/ac6ab1b194a67a1d15f387baaad7515a.webpRiver Kingdoms and Expanding ExchangePlate: Northeast Asia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_LANT/5688efa289db63eeb94160b597e6ee42.webpOkhotsk Mariners and Amur FrontiersPlate: Northeast Asia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_EMEDL/57a6247d61d81618e9edb8de5304fe21.webpToward Satsumon and the Okhotsk SpherePlate: Northeast Asia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_EMEDU/4962d75e9fbf18fc8a85e6abbc8ce4b3.webpTundra Lifeways, Amur River Worlds, and Ainu–Okhotsk FrontiersPlate: Northeast Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_HML/69dcc97886ddc925ebc1f440e949bb2f.webpLiao Expansion, Ainu Consolidation, and Amur River ExchangePlate: Northeast Asia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_HMU/314a6843a47301374539d76a4f3d208b.webpJurchen Power, Amur Tributary Networks, and Northern Ecological ContinuityPlate: Northeast Asia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_LML/88b250ceb4af69cd973e866e9b3bfe9f.webpSea WorldPlate: Northeast Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_LMU/fe0066cc285db867cedb5d9d792e45ce.webpAinu Maritime Networks, Amur Frontier Exchange, and the Northern Forest WorldPlate: Northeast Asia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_EMOD/15a7f456c4e883ea0db77d1a4ee61734.webpRussian Expansion, Amur Frontiers, and the Northern PacificPlate: Northeast Asia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_HMOD/a8b97a8d4e333ad988cf54746b628ba1.webpImperial Frontiers, Pacific Exploration, and the Northern Resource WorldPlate: Northeast Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_LMOD/08af557f6635971ca115517f56c8f7b5.webpIndustrial Frontiers, Northern Pacific Integration, and Enduring Indigenous LandscapesPlate: Northeast Asia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Asia_REC/b137f9f022848e9925de48234cc183d5.webpPost-Soviet Change, Indigenous Renewal, and the Managed Northern LandscapePlate: Northeast Asia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-asia/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_UPLE_I/1cfa88238b0e8d6bf55f5fabf2a5ad44.webpHawaiian Volcanoes, Lowstand Shores, and Seabird IslandsPlate: North Polynesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_UPLE_II/1d3ae1b9ccb26d36afd6a0c79ad2f712.webpRising Seas, Volcanic Islands, and a Human-Free North PacificPlate: North Polynesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_EHOL/5e5002a04653841031c35edf4bfe5dfb.webpRising Seas and the Unpeopled Hawaiian World.Plate: North Polynesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_MHOL_cxruz3Q/c9ef4d645c638d821d3d5b7be9947084.webpRising Seas, Evolving Shores, and a Human-Free Hawaiian WorldPlate: North Polynesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_LHOL_ItD2xip/caa7036f2895ccc55f8f223b9a5e8243.webpForested Islands, Reef Growth, and a Prehuman PacificPlate: North Polynesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_EANTr/fca8286de449fa0e7dc66c72c9568c62.webpThe Unreached Volcanic ArchipelagoPlate: North Polynesia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_AANT/a6eabb0b8ef90b8b29e5ddd77d047f7f.webpThe Unreached ArchipelagoPlate: North Polynesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_CANT/0e6f1a07bcba15295591c50d66b70e65.webpBeyond the Voyaging HorizonPlate: North Polynesia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_LANT/a34ddeae70e65b6783de6259c97975b0.webpApproaching the Northern OceanPlate: North Polynesia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_EMEDL_yWGyMzm/67ca0c4a6a89f619f7bab6b364edae26.webpThreshold of DiscoveryPlate: North Polynesia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_EMEDU/ebdc2c6da2019d7f68b570f87767294d.webpValley Settlement and the Expansion of Irrigated Taro LandscapesPlate: North Polynesia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_HML/1c838a49d202f349005746f06a992985.webpAhupuaʻa Formation and the Expansion of Coastal Fishpond LandscapesPlate: North Polynesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_HMU/e37e6d8f569efa801e980fba8d5e6e4c.webpIntegrated Agro-Marine Districts and Emerging Island ChiefdomsPlate: North Polynesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_LML/b93ab3b5afd64bf132ff71e20f1d51b6.webpChiefly Consolidation and Ridge-to-Reef GovernancePlate: North Polynesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_LMU/c2287ed3d6f57a740d9f5b9181d60bcd.webpSacred Landscapes and Mature Ahupuaʻa SystemsPlate: North Polynesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_EMOD/79fa6de717af59d8536a8173c87067a6.webpIsland Kingdoms before Overseas ContactPlate: North Polynesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_HMOD/fe2b5e439e24467a46981b16a4b34761.webpPolitical Unification and the First Global ConnectionsPlate: North Polynesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Polynesia_LMOD/22bf4eb67c590875794166a9c1f55fbf.webpColonial Transformation, American Incorporation, and Indigenous ContinuityPlate: North Polynesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwestern_North_America_REC_XopEAqA/befea92fd18b7e8b21a96f3fe1ca29ef.webpHawaiian Renaissance, Post-Plantation Landscapes, and Pacific StewardshipPlate: North Polynesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-polynesia/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_UPLE_I/23b24cdad9e348557c1cafd19d79a348.webpPacific Volcanoes, Reef Platforms, and Isolated Island EcosystemsPlate: West Polynesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_UPLE_II/90c6621a1d0c09c6e7029427c25874f2.webpVolcanic Islands, Rising Seas, and the Reorganization of Remote Pacific EcosystemsPlate: West Polynesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_EHOL_ZpbHhQZ/4c6fb993f868e2320b165f3edeeeff9b.webpVolcanic Islands, Rising Reefs, and the Unpeopled Central Pacific.Plate: West Polynesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_MHOL_zhAHXVK/12b4b529c64b7608de1d5f638570016c.webpRising Seas, Building Reefs, and Human-Free Oceanic IslandsPlate: West Polynesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_LHOL_E7Gk3iQ/939afe171edb18573ec030d7dd659a40.webpVolcanic Islands, Reef Worlds, and an Unpeopled PacificPlate: West Polynesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_EANT/4de0b6a30eb35b322c4c2f85d9d50edb.webpLapita Approaches and First Colonizations (Tonga–Samoa)Plate: West Polynesia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_AANT/76feb94cf757e863a870f15c25d6760d.webpPost-Lapita FoundationsPlate: West Polynesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_EMEDU/37fb1b8438b5711cd6252457fc108726.webpRegional Consolidation and the Maturation of Island LandscapesPlate: West Polynesia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_HML/90c09d418f64f18db924938f37afab57.webpDynastic Formation and the Expansion of Western Maritime NetworksPlate: West Polynesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_HMU/d4d0aa37095ddada3964f1f904604442.webpMaritime Alliance, Tribute, and the Expansion of Regional ExchangePlate: West Polynesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_LML/bde8bfd647e006a3c44b8debaee964e6.webpEngineered Landscapes and the Consolidation of Territorial ChiefdomsPlate: West Polynesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_LMU/bd9f1098d6c960aad3620746267df408.webpRegional Differentiation and the Maturation of Island Political SystemsPlate: West Polynesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_EMOD/8403b5539ff64020bffd11071c96d32f.webpPolitical Intensification and the Culmination of Independent Island SystemsPlate: West Polynesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_HMOD_T2ho3lS/5f9411cadcfe7f1f7d40672319c14bcd.webpForeign Contact and the Formation of Missionary KingdomsPlate: West Polynesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_LMOD_X4Ewl6W/c266948e2cee5bb00d8864d6861e7f38.webpColonial Incorporation, Modern Infrastructure, and Indigenous Political PersistencePlate: West Polynesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-polynesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Polynesia_REC/704c9cb5d9e792417dc18ac0b61c167c.webpDecolonization, Pacific Mobility, and Ecological SovereigntyPlate: West Polynesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_UPLE_I/ffcdf56c972c689aed242e79974a7556.webpExposed Reef Foundations, Volcanic Kosrae, and Oceanic IsolationPlate: East Micronesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_UPLE_II/68cbc615a935c0971426b2edb99e6fae.webpRising Seas, Reef Reorganization, and the Human-Free Central PacificPlate: East Micronesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_EHOL/84c1b749d2b6dc1f45547a6c89748577.webpRising Reefs, Submerged Atolls, and the Islands Above the Sea.Plate: East Micronesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_MHOL_0VHM4WJ/2162a3398d4db127a4d3757dd4d45533.webpGrowing Reefs, Emerging Shores, and a Human-Free Equatorial PacificPlate: East Micronesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_LHOL_sbghVAu/8c34069726f715377301907d8daa22c9.webpEmerging Atolls, Ancient Nauru, and the Forested Island of KosraePlate: East Micronesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_EANT/caec8d924022ebfb4cbb3b44bb7ba64d.webpAtoll Settlement, Arboriculture, and Canoe NetworksPlate: East Micronesia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_AANT/2aa1309b65a3d5b065372dbce5694921.webpAtoll Foundations and Ocean AdaptationPlate: East Micronesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_EMEDU/dd7edb9fa35821a292962e4b41d2e30c.webpConsolidation of Atoll Lifeways and Inter-Island ReciprocityPlate: East Micronesia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_HML/35274d34094b84b2802241b20c13aa06.webpExpanding Chiefly Coordination and Managed Atoll LandscapesPlate: East Micronesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_HMU/eb3a28ecc0dca4a1ffbe3f97129f99a0.webpInstitutional Navigation and the Emergence of Kosraean Sacred AuthorityPlate: East Micronesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_LML/d1d7c471dfa44ccc378d2b4f4eb5c4a2.webpLelu’s Formation and the Maturity of Regional ChiefdomsPlate: East Micronesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_LMU/bb259fbbb27e487daf76013ddb6f6a4e.webpOceanic Political Maturity and the Apex of LeluPlate: East Micronesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_EMOD/aa99e2fe305081865ad9c668789e4bf3.webpEnduring Indigenous Systems and Episodic Foreign ContactPlate: East Micronesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_HMOD/aed56788d35f3e5fb48818ca627249ab.webpIntensifying Maritime Encounters and the First Persistent Foreign PresencePlate: East Micronesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_LMOD/a1bdf061d5f9334cccaf0b0080603c72.webpMissions, Colonial Partition, War, Extraction, and DecolonizationPlate: East Micronesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-micronesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Micronesia_REC/15a8cb6b24316ccb435f4c104a3ec43c.webpSovereignty, Free Association, Nuclear Legacies, and Climate FrontiersPlate: East Micronesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_UPLE_I/09b6d01d7b727e26ccb5956ec30c1934.webpForested Arcs, Reef Margins, and an Unpeopled Remote OceaniaPlate: East Melanesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_UPLE_II/78abe675303e76a40debccc5748e5613.webpRising Seas, Tropical Island Refugia, and the Unpeopled Frontier of Remote OceaniaPlate: East Melanesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_EHOL/36807465bda79d0abea1db4b35d99395.webpForested Islands, Rising Lagoons, and the Unpeopled Southwest Pacific.Plate: East Melanesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_MHOL_gYeGv11/ec3651c7bcda6ba69ea7a3809fe50925.webpManaged Landscapes and Obsidian RoutesGeographic & Environmental ContextPlate: East Melanesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_LHOL_E0e4ZwC/4fde615ed9c02bf3d9fc7b10d8f59398.webpSolomon Foragers and the Unpeopled Islands BeyondPlate: East Melanesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_EANT/f917e9ff5d051259d33d7be26a7ff810.webpColonization, Ceramics, and Exchange WebsPlate: East Melanesia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_AANT_nn1SaSD/2680e0cad894fddd1119e2ef23915b4b.webpPost-Lapita Foundations and Horticultural LandscapesPlate: East Melanesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_CANT/a4f7bcbb88013c866d36c048d03972bd.webpExpanding Horticultural NetworksPlate: East Melanesia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_LANT/9b9450a40c78c745ad2ff9b4563170f6.webpExchange Networks and Chiefdom PrecursorsPlate: East Melanesia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_EMEDL/d8bc6fe2b2908ae9228f28af0e046adb.webpCeremonial Landscapes and Regional ChiefdomsPlate: East Melanesia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_EMEDU/0899c08e78d3c1d9e58b1086d420020e.webpProductive Island Landscapes and Local Maritime CommunitiesPlate: East Melanesia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_HML/3de6e20696ab93df2650b4fe2804c410.webpCeremonial Redistribution and Expanding Social NetworksPlate: East Melanesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_HMU/a471256ca4f842fada7459b184535c0d.webpRanked Communities and Territorial CoordinationPlate: East Melanesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_LML/018cfc6081df057408cf012e958870b1.webpDefensive Landscapes and Competitive Island PolitiesPlate: East Melanesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_LMU/98fb79253fd339fff5f363482f87f781.webpMaritime Alliances and Regional Political NetworksPlate: East Melanesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_EMOD/d43c68e578dc50bd974721ca98eb2f82.webpFirst European Encounters within an Enduring Island WorldPlate: East Melanesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_HMOD/8d39f281069ac7d55a1202f2c219d793.webpMaritime Commerce and the Selective Adoption of Foreign GoodsPlate: East Melanesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_LMOD_Q0bACrp/da5d2b5371418af7cbfcf4f951b4376b.webpMissions, Colonial Corridors, War, and DecolonizationPlate: East Melanesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-melanesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Melanesia_REC/b070734c296eb14b3fb2d4b190c21792.webpIndependence, Political Upheaval, Resource Economies, and Pacific ResiliencePlate: East Melanesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_UPLE_I_LFg3ish/6a853141c8f9fc0bff986719888b7967.webpVolcanic North Island, Cool Forests, and an Unpeopled Southern Ocean MarginPlate: South Polynesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_UPLE_II/d3bb201f0098d2c3601005eb1a778720.webpVolcanic Upheaval, Rising Seas, and the Human-Free Islands of the Southwest PacificPlate: South Polynesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_EHOL/330b09d9bb4e034d0e5f660e2875e645.webpForested Volcanoes, Peat Islands, and the Unpeopled Southern Pacific.Plate: South Polynesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_MHOL_1wTRIjC/e5848639cd3ea4d77c6275db713c8ec4.webpForested Islands, Drowned Coasts, and a Human-Free Southern OceanPlate: South Polynesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_LHOL_RKwpmHm/2d374a70b7796fbbdd5dc09953080586.webpForested Islands, Volcanic Landscapes, and a Prehuman Southern OceanPlate: South Polynesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_AANT/ed731b086d4bcc5fd8a98863a4c8e6ff.webpUntouched Southern ArchipelagosPlate: South Polynesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_CANT/73a00a3d2eede645fcd3e767f33ecf40.webpTaupō Landscapes and Ecological RenewalPlate: South Polynesia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_LANT/1e59c7eb3086db81e296cad873fb0b97.webpPost-Hatepe WorldsPlate: South Polynesia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_EMEDL/4b00328653743825e2dbb2a28191d456.webpThreshold of ColonizationPlate: South Polynesia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_HML/720b43a9510b6911bff2077ad85b2903.webpOceanic Accessibility and the Last Intact Ecological FrontierPlate: South Polynesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_HMU/034bde0242d5e36509d250e9064fc398.webpApproaching Colonization and the Final Pre-Settlement LandscapePlate: South Polynesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_LML/ab02ab8188474f42da6c061e44041815.webpInitial Colonization, Coastal Expansion, and the First Human Ecological TransformationPlate: South Polynesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_LMU/faecae8f6a8f94faf2591661a3d9f077.webpHorticultural Consolidation, Regional Communities, and the Settlement of RēkohuPlate: South Polynesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_EMOD/35d1194e519fa5319e441efbb638157a.webpFortified Productive Landscapes, Māori Regional Maturity, and Moriori AdaptationPlate: South Polynesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_HMOD/25d17f98f79b7ef963c21d5cc6fc3207.webpIndigenous Commercial Expansion, European Contact, and Musket-Era DisplacementPlate: South Polynesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_LMOD/491b3c046a4b5a3c377f9a8ee0d2e5e2.webpColonial Annexation, Pastoral Transformation, and Indigenous SurvivalPlate: South Polynesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Polynesia_REC/8d007698e2d734d6ff55b688a1031bc0.webpTreaty Renewal, Indigenous Resurgence, and Ecological RestorationPlate: South Polynesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-polynesia/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-49293-28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_UPLE_I/dfa43c96cb09b071808a92e690aaaea0.webpIce Margins, Coastal Oases, and the MIS 3 Southern OceanPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 49293 BCE to 28558 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_UPLE_I/dfa43c96cb09b071808a92e690aaaea0.webpIce Margins, Coastal Oases, and the MIS 3 Southern OceanPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_UPLE_II/44466a8d584c3ac944b8085446fed078.webpPolar Plateau, Coastal Oases, and Deglacial Change at the Ice MarginPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_EHOL/6e5c0e2f218d2bc86258e091c905719e.webpRetreating Margins, Flooded Oases, and the Early Holocene Ice Coast.Plate: Eastern East Antarctica, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_MHOL.png/3bb59d5e0559e58058f1de166e10a182.webpIce-Sheet Margins, Changing Sea Ice, and the Prydz Bay TransitionPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_LHOL_xNO6Mnj/ab85afa9a5301bd28249a144897aed9b.webpSea-Ice Variability, Polynya Refugia, and Coastal Polar EcosystemsPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_EANT/fdb2c333bdbcbe6c975db353f87da297.webpThe Polar Plateau’s Eastern ExpansePlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_EMEDU/02e903eacf38de5ff5b0065ae84b404e.webpIce, Ocean, and Seasonal LifePlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_HML_FJ3wjoc/1e6b6dea8102ca6ec47bf8fc0f7f0833.webpCoastal Polynyas and Migratory CorridorsPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_HMU/becebbbffe7fd0412ff19143382d3c79.webpVariable Ice Margins and Ecological ConcentrationPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_LML/b49e88b7d90f681480e52134d68fa137.webpFrozen Continuity and Southern-Ocean ExchangePlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_LMU/d022400ff5beec19bb7a25b65b76af74.webpThe Unseen Continent in an Expanding WorldPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_EMOD_awgK0I9/4928287aba4cee2d86f9345b0767743b.webpCartographic Conjecture and Polar IsolationPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_HMOD/096576b825b154c1d4f294a5d2392fa1.webpSouthern Navigation and the Approaching IcePlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_LMOD/d233bec5c82e971c380dd3f0e127fdb3.webpDiscovery, Extraction, and Scientific EnclavesPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-east-antarctica/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_REC/cbb4473ea10ec9cc5673d197870d1ab0.webpGlobal Science, Environmental Protection, and a Changing Ice SheetPlate: Eastern East Antarctica, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_UPLE_I/e92f2a6e217836b27d9446e9bc944a9a.webpMIS 3 Glaciers, Basalt Plateaus, and Subantarctic SeasPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-28577--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_UPLE_II/a755e0f329da9a1c9da7701a4fa7da1d.webpIce Retreat and Expanding ShoresPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 28577 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_UPLE_II_Ud0TPDk/1f52c8768fcb715df93f3b55db60030b.webpGlacial Retreat, Volcanic Islands, and the Human-Free Southern OceanPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_EHOL/396b85081d16af313e7b548c848a4713.webpRetreating Ice, Peat Islands, and the Volcanic Southern Ocean.Plate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_MHOL_mh0qZ08/4948fd71f603f128c0929db43c3088f4.webpGlacial Islands, Volcanic Shores, and Subantarctic Marine WorldsPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_East_Antarctica_LHOL_kAG0CSb/23fcb49c3d07ad125e48a89da58a7296.webpGlacial Retreat, Peat Landscapes, and Subantarctic Marine WorldsPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_EANT/2f8dbba85194d192c890f42f79ad6f34.webpOceanic Frontiers, Subantarctic Ecosystems, and the Empty Southern SeaPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_EMEDU/5f5f9854b53792c56a4ffdaaef13452f.webpHeard PlateauPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_HML/a496c2860f3e28b09335b42b83aee2dc.webpStorm-Driven Stability in an Unvisited OceanPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_HMU/5923359e4bded3a0dcb397b184ce050e.webpExpanding Biological Use of Ice-Free GroundPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_LML/79cbb21195bd9fd61b0de48b837c50d1.webpMature Subantarctic Networks before Sustained CoolingPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_LMU/2142820111b4c3546e6a436c54486120.webpCooling Seas and Intensified Environmental ConstraintPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_EMOD/af3fc7d14d26962384a513191b9caf47.webpBeyond the Expanding Maritime WorldPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_HMOD/d2c1ffd86320c29129f573b6ad025ace.webpKerguelen Enters the ChartsPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_LMOD/61d128bb16246a19dcb34784c1460d7f.webpExtraction, Sovereignty, and Scientific EnclavesPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-indian-ocean/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Indian_Ocean_REC/71cc0064a09d0eb868262f421f692166.webpClimate Observatory, Conservation Frontier, and the Persistence of IsolationPlate: Southeast Indian Ocean, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_UPLE_I/a893e83570519358bb8cf5a3435e02dd.webpSahul Foragers, Interior Lakes, and an Unpeopled New Zealand SouthPlate: Southern Australasia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_UPLE_II/668663cfbfa40e0c72f1c13db0d9346a.webpSahulian Continuity, Bassian Drowning, and the Unpeopled Tasman WorldPlate: Southern Australasia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_EHOL/a5bb5837df15f01dc162137d3ca6b85f.webpDrowned Straits, River Worlds, and the Foresting Southern Islands.Plate: Southern Australasia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_MHOL_her4M4c/2aaad3cb636671cd7c3d972f02a39136.webpIslanded Tasmania, Highstand Coasts, and Diversifying Temperate LifewaysPlate: Southern Australasia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_LHOL_pfEl8m1/0fd690a37d3f8dcf5c4561953c6d4878.webpTemperate Stewardship, Coastal Stability, and Deep Cultural ContinuityPlate: Southern Australasia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_EANT/c9dc70ea843b70d19780e0ccaf62ba60.webpSouthern Lands of Long ContinuityPlate: Southern Australasia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_EMEDU/0758900ff7d30f7ad5fd094e53f81729.webpManaged Countries and Unpeopled Southern IslandsPlate: Southern Australasia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_HML/a7c931eaaacd16278f4962e00388d3fb.webpCeremonial Networks, Wetland Production, and Oceanic SeparationPlate: Southern Australasia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_HMU/adb03d4f99316b0543a69b5e12425f13.webpEnduring Indigenous Countries and the Threshold of Polynesian SettlementPlate: Southern Australasia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_LML/8f5ee759dc4b9ee63112c983f8150d8e.webpPolynesian Expansion, Moa-Hunting Economies, and Regional AdaptationPlate: Southern Australasia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_LMU/e185a5c88334b551502e31228c80cabd.webpResource Diversification, Pounamu Networks, and Territorial CommunitiesPlate: Southern Australasia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_EMOD/6ff5d1151556624ab7f72d76f098f93c.webpRegional Māori Polities, Greenstone Corridors, and Distant European SailsPlate: Southern Australasia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_HMOD/0bf66f97db39b1b560782d6ee7638066.webpNgāi Tahu Expansion, Maritime Intrusion, and the First Colonial ThresholdPlate: Southern Australasia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_LMOD/02ec926b171cec7a259fdc784f3bae90.webpSettler Colonial Corridors, Industrial Nationhood, and Indigenous SurvivalPlate: Southern Australasia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-australasia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Australasia_REC/de4def81ab1b2f63a8233d89ec2834bc.webpIndigenous Resurgence, Ecological Repair, and Postindustrial TransformationPlate: Southern Australasia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_UPLE_I/b2a7cbd2be53d04f5f1b96c3fbc353fb.webpAncient Sahul Communities, Monsoon Landscapes, and Deep Human ContinuityPlate: Northern Australia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_UPLE_II/d8f70aa81ae8f4502788e8203c713441.webpSahulian Lowlands, Monsoon Recovery, and the Drowning of the Northern PlainsPlate: Northern Australia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_EHOL/c89fdaaa2123ca6640fc0e0ac5a823cb.webpDrowning Plains, Monsoon Rivers, and the Breaking of Northern Sahul.Plate: Northern Australia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_MHOL_Z1imm9a/73753856dca2b42d65623320903d2f97.webpDrowned Valleys, Mangrove Plains, and Monsoon WorldsPlate: Northern Australia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_LHOL_P6mIlJ1/78b53de55c70106b2d365af5b6b99509.webpMangrove Estuaries, Monsoon Landscapes, and Deep Human ContinuityPlate: Northern Australia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_EANT/97ce4fc884aff0971990eeb0aa74907c.webpMonsoon Coasts and Ancient SonglinesPlate: Northern Australia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_AANT/3ba20dff19e086db0edaf4e8d9036735.webpRock Art Traditions, Seasonal Mobility, and Sacred WetlandsPlate: Northern Australia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_CANT/42b292281222c19a389cc4f928e0d89c.webpExpanding Exchange Networks and Ceremonial LandscapesPlate: Northern Australia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_LANT/44876a49cd0d756f11df12fb77a94b36.webpRegional Integration and Mature Cultural NetworksPlate: Northern Australia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_EMEDL/4242a28e4d8eab29da3944e4fade880d.webpDry AdaptationsPlate: Northern Australia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_EMEDU/4ccbcdeba8e7ff6459f24763ff8ac88e.webpMonsoon Country and Distributed Ecological GovernancePlate: Northern Australia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_HML/4a75fe99a20ddc52f1131d2298e3be7c.webpCeremonial Corridors and Expanding Regional ExchangePlate: Northern Australia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_HMU/ba4e4a754029750a0aeebd993fe4e319.webpTorres Strait Voyaging and Maritime-Horticultural IntegrationPlate: Northern Australia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_LML_P27OE88/2fa0f133453f63e27981553d0c305b25.webpIsland Exchange, Variable Monsoons, and Regional ResiliencePlate: Northern Australia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_LMU/7a33ba1fa6b1b18f4026f2a419f8b81c.webpCoastal Corridors and the Threshold of Wider Maritime ContactPlate: Northern Australia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_EMOD/f36ba3b5e0b4eb86319d737068e51d97.webpIndigenous Maritime Worlds and Episodic Foreign ReconnaissancePlate: Northern Australia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_HMOD/bcdda89c3fb4f426e8d7341227f31aa5.webpMacassan Trepang Networks and the Arafura Exchange WorldPlate: Northern Australia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_LMOD/c3cae99d615e5d6ae931a998b896d080.webpFrontier Violence, Pastoral Economies, and Strategic CorridorsPlate: Northern Australia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-australia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Australia_REC/003705895ecf29de503e3247a733d028.webpLand Rights, Indigenous Renewal, and the Rebalancing of CountryPlate: Northern Australia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_UPLE_I/ae956f71cc533686f16d03fc5c2bcc3a.webpNew Guinea Highlands, Island Crossings, and Early Sahulian NetworksPlate: West Melanesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_UPLE_II/5f8e4e9cac3cc92234028d3b8d093ff4.webpSahulian Fragmentation, Highland Intensification, and Island NetworksPlate: West Melanesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_EHOL/3358860cae68c9db2df8e182986677fb.webpHighland Wetlands, Rainforest Rivers, and the Ancient Seas of Near Oceania.Plate: West Melanesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_MHOL_CDlukV0/17a7037adeddccac2a51bc6c0458d511.webpHighland Cultivation, Forest-River Worlds, and Enduring Island NetworksPlate: West Melanesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_LHOL_y4gQYa7/5296b3ba2725d28de9e003ad7f2dad45.webpHighland Cultivation, Tropical Foragers, and Ancient Island NetworksPlate: West Melanesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_EANT/9a56f048a7c78245c32cbcfd5693fc62.webpCeramics, Colonization, and Canoe VoyagingPlate: West Melanesia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_AANT/c7c8de8e1047189fb5cb0f172f921b85.webpPost-Lapita Communities, Highland Agriculture, and Coastal ExchangePlate: West Melanesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_CANT/ab1cd6b32ccda3b2819edf7f90e29ccd.webpRegional Exchange Systems and Ceremonial CommunitiesPlate: West Melanesia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_LANT/ea7e7a28aed3d3e9c9436ddccc7ab39d.webpIntegrated Exchange Networks and Ritual EconomiesPlate: West Melanesia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_EMEDL/00afc6edfabf0256ef2d0013202fa700.webpRitual Economies, Maritime Connectivity, and Emerging Chiefdom SeedsPlate: West Melanesia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_EMEDU/7840ecbae0fc9ea26976c881a5569de5.webpDiversified Gardens and Interdependent Ecological WorldsPlate: West Melanesia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_HML/d6519062897dbc7c42979454353a6c06.webpRiver Routes, Mountain Tracks, and Expanding Local ExchangePlate: West Melanesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_HMU/a2fca45bc8045fa882a3a78b9dccf4e1.webpCeremonial Houses, Pig Exchanges, and Regional CoordinationPlate: West Melanesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_LML/668237b5682c071fcdbcef7d087afbcb.webpInter-Island Partnerships and Wider Maritime NetworksPlate: West Melanesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_LMU_TmpDPHG/163f3e749bdc9543d20958dad00ac114.webpDefended Territories and Maturing Regional ExchangePlate: West Melanesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_EMOD_5K7oVjk/91743d783b9fa12e7675f19c31de7afd.webpLagoon Worlds, Shell Wealth, and Encounters at the Edge of EmpirePlate: West Melanesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_HMOD/1f4e5d8b9ef0f5dec972e02faab2811d.webpSweet-Potato Expansion and Increasing Foreign Maritime ContactPlate: West Melanesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_LMOD/a2e031ed31f18b3055e4b1e0563362c4.webpColonial Corridors, World War, and Emerging Territorial PoliticsPlate: West Melanesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-melanesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Melanesia_REC/9a632c5b9151a9a6901e5060fe9344fb.webpIndependence, Resource Frontiers, Bougainville, and Contested Papuan FuturesPlate: West Melanesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_UPLE_I/1440fd8cccebe1b8567d9e6a5835d469.webpMariana Ridges, Caroline Highlands, and Unpeopled Western Pacific SeasPlate: West Micronesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_UPLE_II/d4105ab35457bd1c8312fd6021f673db.webpHigh Islands, Reef Reorganization, and the Human-Free Western PacificPlate: West Micronesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_EHOL/339f9e9accbb9543484149c1aca3d35c.webpForested High Islands, Rising Reefs, and the Unpeopled Western Pacific.Plate: West Micronesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_MHOL_zZGEtAH/97661e4e7c7ba6bcc8e5d7a56e4185f6.webpGrowing Reefs, Changing Shores, and Human-Free Island WorldsPlate: West Micronesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_LHOL_4S8QdpH/191c98f392edacb76a5ea6af9fdb955c.webpLimestone Islands, Forested Highlands, and Evolving Reef WorldsPlate: West Micronesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_AANT/64f180672a02a36b7305357ac87be401.webpSettled Canoe Communities and Island AdaptationPlate: West Micronesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_CANT/45b8c2a8560adde059e0dcf957bd494a.webpExpanding Canoe Networks and Regional IntegrationPlate: West Micronesia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_LANT/0107d9ce116e05477f0dbce0c85e657b.webpMaritime Systems, Ritual Landscapes, and Emerging Prestige NetworksPlate: West Micronesia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_EMEDU/2474a740cfac314e10fad63c1e9ee15a.webpLatte Landscapes and the Coordination of Island CommunitiesPlate: West Micronesia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_HML/1baa7eebe074fb01fb5c1d6d1475f1cc.webpLagoon Networks and Expanding Inter-Island ExchangePlate: West Micronesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_HMU/cc0da6948e8d1f93cb8d3b0a23b02785.webpRegional Authority and the Rise of Nan MadolPlate: West Micronesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_LML/4c348fa3bcf9b89a7928a1751e46df2a.webpSaudeleur Consolidation and Inter-Island ObligationsPlate: West Micronesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_LMU/ddb1097382b2142030c816fc4c9c5094.webpMature Maritime Polities and the First European PassagePlate: West Micronesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_EMOD/1640cff147f21ccbb5008a0bf8e61dc9.webpOceanic Continuity and the Spanish Intrusion into the MarianasPlate: West Micronesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_HMOD/7746eb0c70936729965ac9caadc1f07d.webpChamorro Reductions and Expanding Foreign Maritime ContactPlate: West Micronesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_LMOD/635415369ac65850501be3d72b5673f6.webpColonial Partition, Total War, and Strategic AdministrationPlate: West Micronesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-micronesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Micronesia_REC/9d0cc6b1a6a686f8a2e5360ae8e2986f.webpSelf-Determination, Free Association, Strategic Renewal, and Environmental StewardshipPlate: West Micronesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_UPLE_I/e4c047f7fd65cf003ff28f7b5da6fc8d.webpSundaland Rivers, Wallacean Crossings, and Early Symbolic WorldsPlate: Sundachina, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_UPLE_II/1f0d446af4446f0c92b6821c02f32c95.webpSundaland Drowning, Tropical Foragers, and the Reorganization of Island Southeast AsiaPlate: Sundachina, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_Asia_EHOL/f16da4794b721550a077a53bb7bb6edd.webpDrowning Sundaland, Rainforest Foragers, and the Fragmenting Tropical Seas.Plate: Sundachina, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_MHOL/9fd91a740e1cc6609ff66f53227968cf.webpRainforest Worlds, Drowned Sundaland, and Diversifying Forager LifewaysPlate: Sundachina, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_LHOL/a1f57f93cea161f0e006eda628acc215.webpLate Neolithic Transformations and Maritime NetworksPlate: Sundachina, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeastern_Asia_EANT/9d6d9b4be64b077438e7ce56575016fc.webpChiefdoms and Long-Distance ExchangePlate: Sundachina, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeastern_Asia_AANT/3d79a2af1997941ccb83d0022ceeefa3.webpIron Age Chiefdoms and River-Valley CommunitiesPlate: Sundachina, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeastern_Asia_CANT/98fff535e07cf40d46aa63014534ea04.webpIrrigation Expansion and Regional Exchange NetworksPlate: Sundachina, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeastern_Asia_LANT/32f76b44e725cd85bfd5e4e81ecf7c5c.webpProto-States, Ritual Landscapes, and Indianized NetworksPlate: Sundachina, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeastern_Asia_EMEDL/8cf84ac3c7e055d21e293ddafb2a2f28.webpMature Proto-States and Maritime Exchange WorldsPlate: Sundachina, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_EMEDU/4c02a7d1411d9682b85debad70bcddfe.webpKhmer Beginnings, Bagan’s Foundations, Vietnamese Independence, and Srivijayan ExchangePlate: Sundachina, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_HML/6a2847264128e41544ce03501178ad78.webpAngkorian Integration, Bagan’s Rise, and Srivijaya at Its HeightPlate: Sundachina, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_HMU/86510378ef6553020d3a61a7c6938038.webpAngkor and Bagan at Their Height, Đại Việt’s Consolidation, and Javanese ExpansionPlate: Sundachina, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_LML/b794b74785de47fd0aca078bc704dce6.webpMongol Campaigns, Theravāda Kingdoms, and Majapahit’s Maritime AscendancyPlate: Sundachina, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_LMU/9db620568f298fe194a136c153bd8e63.webpAyutthaya, Vietnamese Expansion, Islamic Ports, and the First Portuguese IntrusionPlate: Sundachina, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_EMOD/5a698507c26aadcf99b1e0260f2b28bc.webpIndigenous Kingdoms, Islamic Expansion, and Competing Colonial CorridorsPlate: Sundachina, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_HMOD/fa06968dcce4b91083d8bcf6b191c045.webpExpanding Colonial Power and the Persistence of Indigenous StatesPlate: Sundachina, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_LMOD/77c212d39d5afbc407104a7a4670cd70.webpColonial Transformation, National Revolution, and Cold War DivisionPlate: Sundachina, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/sundachina/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Sundachina_REC/c4548e2b79dcf75614ca51e259191e54.webpWar's End, Economic Integration, Urban Expansion, and Environmental StrainPlate: Sundachina, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_UPLE_I/ce9b3566d6546de3eca8448765de2d0b.webpEast Asian Dispersals, Lowstand Plains, and the First Japanese CrossingsPlate: Maritime East Asia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_UPLE_II/e4243ff7fd0913a7aef562b3e0790fd0.webpGlacial Plains, Ceramic Foragers, and the Drowning of the Eastern ShelvesPlate: Maritime East Asia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_EHOL/d4a00ee3152b81a7f297cc2aaacdbbb3.webpForest Shores, Pottery Foragers, and the First Cultivated Wetlands.Plate: Maritime East Asia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_MHOL_btV7AyE/5d969f157bb315599b9ca17fa315b244.webpEstuarine Settlements, Rice Wetlands, and Diversifying Coastal LifewaysPlate: Maritime East Asia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_LHOL_rydw1mO/18bfd294c4f16bd11ef2de4f89ea7d9c.webpRice Wetlands, Jōmon Coasts, Jade Elites, and Expanding Maritime WorldsPlate: Maritime East Asia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_EANT/7be5f6568db7589ee746b5fa4b605fdf.webpRiver Valleys, Coastal Plains, and Early StatesPlate: Maritime East Asia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-2637--2494/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-2493--2350/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-2349--2206/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-2205--2062/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-2061--1918/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-1917--1774/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-1773--1630/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-1629--1486/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-1485--1342/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-1197--1054/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-1053--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_AANTI/a3fc145d0f17c547ca4f9641dbb89ac8.webpFragmentation and Eastern Zhou TransitionPlate: Maritime East Asia, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_AANTII/cb99fc1ce7a9ec5273dfac5319ee0e2b.webpCultural Prosperity Amid Political FragmentationPlate: Maritime East Asia, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_AANTIII/cff921dc9de510d8f0ab18f9bf8fcfda.webpAge of Philosophy and Technological AdvancementsPlate: Maritime East Asia, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_CANTI/eb4740f22a7f0ea1b63fb80e7d5a9438.webpQin Unification and Philosophical ConsolidationPlate: Maritime East Asia, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_CANTIII/c38aa2f4399d8b9e09edf1ca18f83d5b.webpHan Dynasty Expansion and Cultural RenaissancePlate: Maritime East Asia, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_CANTIV/3e74a0bbd50ac0b342583dec66b734bd.webpDynastic Turmoil, Regional Influence, and RebellionsPlate: Maritime East Asia, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_CANTV/5c7c107cf3165acb7bba3a3dbbae9843.webpDecline of Han Dynasty and Increasing TurbulencePlate: Maritime East Asia, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_LANTI/b9849fb78ad07d372675d0d0505c57e0.webpFragmentation, Cultural Evolution, and Regional RealignmentsPlate: Maritime East Asia, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_LANTII/5cc81f928c18d20aad495ed87709f32f.webpConsolidation of States, Cultural Flourishing, and Technological AdvancementsPlate: Maritime East Asia, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_LANTIII/9b17a3c061974fe65f71d4d2f27bec7f.webpImperial Reunification, State Consolidation, and Cultural InnovationPlate: Maritime East Asia, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_EMEDL/34890945e873ffff4a1b05fc556d00d0.webpCultural Flourishing and State ConsolidationPlate: Maritime East Asia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_EMEDU/63a5555148a9534c5f34bb9bbc43b7d4.webpTang Fragmentation, Southern Commercial Growth, and Regional ConsolidationPlate: Maritime East Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_HML/8bb0d190b3c04aedb5c7c9d6b20c2f29.webpSong Commercial Transformation, Goryeo Consolidation, and Heian Estate SocietyPlate: Maritime East Asia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_HMU/8eb53ceb056accdbf2b2e6e67164d65f.webpSouthern Song Maritime Expansion, Jurchen Power, and Warrior GovernmentPlate: Maritime East Asia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_LML/12f164eb9b69266ad22e28c99de9cec6.webpYuan Imperial Integration, Goryeo Subordination, and Maritime Warrior NetworksPlate: Maritime East Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_LMU/b5897d3c1553b2764c964395130e0710.webpTribute Seas, Ryukyuan Brokerage, and Fragmenting Warrior CoastsPlate: Maritime East Asia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_EMOD/4987295c2d2dc92b800606404b8caab2.webpGlobal Silver, Warfare, Tokugawa Consolidation, and the Taiwan FrontierPlate: Maritime East Asia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_HMOD/eed771515adcf9d551a73b040d752313.webpJoseon–Tokugawa Order, Managed Gateways, and Intensified Rural WorldsPlate: Maritime East Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_LMOD_iMLFmbf/f0049754c490f2250f24852179ed8138.webpImperial Intrusion, National Transformation, Total War, and Industrial ReconstructionPlate: Maritime East Asia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_REC/2db525890614079988eaa9c2e65593aa.webpExport Economies, Reform, Democratization, and the Networked PacificPlate: Maritime East Asia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-asia/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_UPLE_I/6bca3e21750620f0b8003f230edd7cd6.webpDenisovan Highlands, Steppe Corridors, and Early Modern-Human DispersalsPlate: Upper East Asia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_UPLE_II/2c3e464576e40522779d3e38611d54cd.webpHigh Plateaus, Glacial Steppe, and the Reorganization of Inner East AsiaPlate: Upper East Asia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_EHOL/ba19acad0bcc5e61e70144ac44d0c397.webpPaleolakes, Highland Hunters, and the Mobile Worlds of the Early Holocene.Plate: Upper East Asia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_MHOL_RCYoPci/57ebadeed0709b944ed53193e1a2a40d.webpWet Basins, Highland Foragers, and the Western Edge of Early Millet WorldsPlate: Upper East Asia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_LHOL_efl3TzJ/7edc365f772e7db7b9b1ab5c8220b15b.webpMillet Frontiers, Highland Foragers, and the First Eastern Steppe HerdersPlate: Upper East Asia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_EANT_qhPTeia/d88ae42b86421488affce25e4971fb06.webpHighlands, Deserts, and Steppe CrossroadsPlate: Upper East Asia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_AANT/4deb7751b71f451d00a2340470263b0d.webpSteppe Confederations, Oasis Kingdoms, and the Foundations of the Silk RoadPlate: Upper East Asia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_CANT/92fc87c354d4096e740c41cceb2cd535.webpXiongnu Confederations, Han Frontiers, and the Birth of the Silk RoadPlate: Upper East Asia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_LANT/0bf7ee2976f11dbc73c4c7b237dcad42.webpTürkic Khaganates, Buddhist Corridors, and the Maturation of the Silk RoadPlate: Upper East Asia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_EMEDL/0a1eef932fa8c813778fd2852de1e883.webpTibetan Expansion, Türkic Successors, and the High Silk RoadPlate: Upper East Asia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_EMEDU/500f5cfc23c6a65240336bbcd27ea7e3.webpImperial Fragmentation and the Reassembly of Plateau, Steppe, and Oasis NetworksPlate: Upper East Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_HML/e21ab6446f8c3f6ea28fbc24e39c0b52.webpWestern Xia Consolidation and the Later Diffusion of Tibetan BuddhismPlate: Upper East Asia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_HMU/6f931e48b3932e17cdef23522ca14833.webpMongol Unification and the Reorganization of Inner Asian PowerPlate: Upper East Asia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_LML/1a8f65f083cbad087eb3eb692f6f7c16.webpYuan Circulation, Tibetan Patronage, and Post-Imperial ReorganizationPlate: Upper East Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_LMU/bdb05b3a085a66b7e670241c56e79ff5.webpMing Frontier Corridors, Mongol Rivalries, and Tibetan Monastic ExpansionPlate: Upper East Asia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_EMOD/215e4179b1657c7add55ab087be6d275.webpOirat Power, Geluk Ascendancy, and the Approach of Qing RulePlate: Upper East Asia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_HMOD/2ff6dd6bb74cbbca65e02669c890b9c5.webpQing Conquest, Imperial Differentiation, and the Restructuring of Inner AsiaPlate: Upper East Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_LMOD/8d73c2e593564bee36f957eb1956e155.webpImperial Collapse, National Frontiers, and Socialist TransformationPlate: Upper East Asia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-east-asia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia_REC/9257f924ff71ea8954a7bcb7840fe53c.webpInfrastructure, Market Transitions, Cultural Constraint, and Uneven ReintegrationPlate: Upper East Asia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_UPLE_I/c52225869c88742d8bc0b2393bd215b4.webpSteppe Corridors, Mountain Refugia, and the Oscillating Interior of MIS 3Plate: Central Asia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_UPLE_II/2552b9167d38d9d82cdad6e3fb34659c.webpGlacial Mountains, Arid Steppes, and the Reorganization of the Inner Eurasian CrossroadsPlate: Central Asia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_EHOL/3bc4fc3fa4caae286415a701c226fede.webpPaleolakes, Shifting Rivers, and the Last Forager Horizons before Herding.Plate: Central Asia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_MHOL_g9xojTP/53caaf3f3813ac47875dcb1c8eb06705.webpKopet Dag Farmers, Aral Fishers, and Diverging Interior LifewaysPlate: Central Asia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LHOL_uOc929l/6323498ba129fce5be03a59121f7d8b6.webpPiedmont Farmers, Riverine Foragers, and the Botai Horse WorldPlate: Central Asia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_EANT/335d63ced3195195172bee979fe370db.webpBMAC Oases, Andronovo Steppe, and the Chariot AgePlate: Central Asia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_AANTI/4186bc86c47ee26a160b7dc83970df6d.webpThe Rise of Nomadic Cultures and Early Iranian ExpansionPlate: Central Asia, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_AANTII/43763d7c95822c41612f5502e6335965.webpExpansion of Scythian Power and Early Urban FlourishingPlate: Central Asia, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_AANTIII/258725e8d131d5f5136324008e107627.webpAchaemenid Influence, Scythian Integration, and Cultural ExchangePlate: Central Asia, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTI_CZRzrVb/75fd207844b8fca8318919ea096b473a.webpPersian Consolidation, Nomadic Pressure, and Cultural InteractionPlate: Central Asia, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTII/2077ce6f7708ef7c572a466647c6ac59.webpAlexander’s Conquest and Cultural ConsolidationPlate: Central Asia, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTIII/130954006d7a5da367c9e1d4f1b71e07.webpThe Yuezhi Migrations and Cultural RealignmentPlate: Central Asia, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTIV/6d47f9c31563e9da37fe031e25e902af.webpCrossroads of Empires and the Rise of Kushan InfluencePlate: Central Asia, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTV/003df89065c45a8d942e0a0490304c0b.webpKushan Zenith, Silk Road Prosperity, and Cultural BrilliancePlate: Central Asia, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LANTI/dadfeff4882bbec606f359d28fc12d61.webpDecline of the Kushans, Nomadic Invasions, and the Rise of Sogdian TradePlate: Central Asia, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LANTIII/abe3e8115cae329386f19c815abbc0dc.webpTurkic Ascendancy, Sogdian Resilience, and New Religious MovementsPlate: Central Asia, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_EMEDU/b738cd7e13aab0c7beef0006b20e719b.webpSamanid Oases, Silver Circulation, and the Steppe FrontierPlate: Central Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_HML/e3eb1aa3332f6f1f5416d5efd3c674a3.webpSteppe IntegrationPlate: Central Asia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_HMU/abbf0e2822145391effc7d1549de518e.webpKhwarazmian Expansion, Mongol Conquest, and Imperial ReorganizationPlate: Central Asia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LML/55fbc0b184c90222480e00054d0c56d9.webpChagatai Fragmentation, Islamic Renewal, and Timurid ConsolidationPlate: Central Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LMU/90353ac74a06fe32bdaede1a6fff9f44.webpTimurid Florescence, Uzbek Conquest, and the Formation of Steppe KhanatesPlate: Central Asia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_EMOD/9cd9e20f26884808856b879edf9d53c4.webpOasis Khanates, Pastoral Confederations, and Regional Caravan EconomiesPlate: Central Asia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_HMOD/ec3e8e55326544a829c605638ba529de.webpKazakh Crisis, Expanding Oasis States, and the Russian FrontierPlate: Central Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LMOD/cfdb2b3c598af26a3484d5be85df399d.webpImperial Conquest, Cotton Corridors, and the Soviet Reordering of Steppe and OasisPlate: Central Asia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_REC/7f35512ea88f3d330d140cef03c84378.webpIndependent Republics, Resource Corridors, Water Crisis, and Uneven ReintegrationPlate: Central Asia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/central-asia/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_UPLE_I/e8e48bf895c510a9df467efd4eb62294.webpAltai Hominins, Siberian Steppes, and Population TurnoverPlate: Northwest Asia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_UPLE_II/9bf799a15b0bb13d632cc49a33b21c8b.webpMammoth Steppe, Great Rivers, and the Northward Return of the ForestPlate: Northwest Asia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_EHOL/1f3a1bd3cc7a9b795fb196dd100d81d1.webpForest Rivers, Expanding Bogs, and the First Western Siberian Pottery.Plate: Northwest Asia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_MHOL_dHteSFg/61972fca92a5e9cf44c87b00d669940a.webpPottery-Bearing Foragers, Taiga Settlements, and River-Lake WorldsPlate: Northwest Asia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_LHOL_d4eebsj/3ac21b9e6c8e082a9ec0a1a4e3f4a27a.webpRiver Foragers, Altai Metallurgy, and the First Pastoral FrontiersPlate: Northwest Asia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_EANT/75671d81554ab7e408d09d7d716764c4.webpAndronovo, Karasuk, and Early NomadsPlate: Northwest Asia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_AANT/af016dd60c86ed8632c498e17aec62c4.webpTaiga Exchange, and the Formation of the Northern FrontierPlate: Northwest Asia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_CANT/a08bbec5d062ae70436588f31412531b.webpSaka Maturity, Xiongnu Pressure, and the Expansion of the Steppe–Taiga FrontierPlate: Northwest Asia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_LANT/763407ac302e672f621ae34745fda7a8.webpHunnic Migrations, Turkic Ascendancy, and the Consolidation of the Steppe–Taiga FrontierPlate: Northwest Asia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_EMEDL/a11fee5bc7989ac4c7db94c3722560b1.webpTurkic Successor States, Sogdian Commerce, and the Early Medieval Steppe–Taiga WorldPlate: Northwest Asia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_EMEDU/2ab6e460057c16ac7a5b29a6ef6fe810.webpTundra ContinuityPlate: Northwest Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_HML/d0076f5a5afde0503db61edad06e3710.webpSteppe Brokerage, Kipchak Expansion, and Fur–Silver NetworksPlate: Northwest Asia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_HMU/45cb7e14d8398a2c31176abd05104b48.webpMongol Incorporation and the Reorganization of Siberian FrontiersPlate: Northwest Asia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_LMU_Qt8RzUE/6d9b6e07f97bc92a3e6f9776bc3fa6f5.webpJochid Tribute, Forest Autonomy, and Imperial River CirculationPlate: Northwest Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_LMU/f6b5913f1828564d3f3d8b99cab7b32d.webpSiberian Khanates, Forest Sovereignties, and Contested Steppe GatewaysPlate: Northwest Asia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_EMOD/f29822d50d4a644d71ead4442655ede7.webpRussian River Forts, Fur Tribute, and Indigenous ResistancePlate: Northwest Asia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_HMOD/bf3a0638e3844e10d3d7d6a869e09b00.webpImperial Consolidation, Agricultural Corridors, and Persistent Indigenous WorldsPlate: Northwest Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Asia_LMOD/cd50edfa37620360f5ffdfff5c2e2a38.webpRailway Integration, Soviet Extraction, and Indigenous SurvivalPlate: Northwest Asia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_UPLE_I/6b04e4fcc702be7c0992f30b0e5e9526.webpDon Corridors, Neanderthal Retreat, and Early Modern-Human ExpansionPlate: East Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_UPLE_II/c8254a7d10b58b6ef314fce33fa9cb9c.webpMammoth-Steppe Societies, Deglacial Rivers, and the Return of the ForestPlate: East Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_EHOL_wkcQPn4/6b047f229cc1ed9b1e4ff79f40b17aeb.webpExpanding Forests, Great Rivers, and the Late Rise of Forager Pottery.Plate: East Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_MHOL_DCRl5kG/67cd7eba61938e455956a98cc1e7cdad.webpPottery-Bearing Foragers, River Worlds, and an Advancing Farming FrontierPlate: East Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_LHOL_TkUQ4l0/1486fc2f9b27514ce26f01ffa1b058a2.webpForest Foragers, Tripolye Farmers, and the Rise of Steppe PastoralismPlate: East Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_EANT/4f1f86e211ad6b69458eb2c4f9672a98.webpSteppe Frontiers and Great River GatewaysPlate: East Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Asia_AANTI_GqON5HV/0e5ec5fc79fe6a0f5142c4bc34bf3e86.webpChernoles Culture, Scythian Emergence, and Proto-Slavic FoundationsPlate: East Europe, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_AANT_II/29228b654b95215af9e0b3ce42fc4d63.webpEmergence of Steppe Nomads and Chernoles Cultural ExpansionPlate: East Europe, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_AANTIII/46d7c8f950076ba4ccb8fb5b6da16a3a.webpScythian Dominance and Cultural ConsolidationPlate: East Europe, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_CANTI/2024535698ca50e328c75411af550aa2.webpScythian Dominance, Greek Colonization, and Cultural ExchangePlate: East Europe, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_CANTII/42aa7bc32cf9e1215a7c4f46545bd593.webpScythian Decline and the Rise of SarmatiansPlate: East Europe, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_CANTIII/5adb64abe20fb84b39f7db819e7f10a6.webpConsolidation of Sarmatian Power and Expansion of Hellenistic InfluencePlate: East Europe, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/-45--99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_CANTIV/8d9bf2d2142ae00780703c495a564ce3.webpConsolidation of Sarmatian Power and Expansion of Hellenistic InfluencePlate: East Europe, 45 BCE to 99 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_CANTV/99725f2a2317b07bf94e24b312002030.webpSarmatian Power and Roman InfluencePlate: East Europe, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_LANTI/d465797daf887eb1beefd88c0970c50c.webpGothic Migration and the Rise of New PowersPlate: East Europe, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_LANTII/9e1681c3bae6297ed286525325649308.webpHunnic Invasions and the Transformation of Tribal DynamicsPlate: East Europe, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_LANTIII/4739970ff752325f7da550df69050160.webpAftermath of Hunnic Rule and Emergence of Slavic DominancePlate: East Europe, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_EMEDL/3b8d5426f61382fac5a98f1294827b4a.webpSlavic Consolidation and the Rise of New PolitiesPlate: East Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_EMEDU/55157d2d968b1c70b3a0016de5ce2c49.webpRiver Routes, Khazar Gateways, and the Formation of Rus’Plate: East Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_HML/54c7ae3046ffc5b90e191d7a7d8f14ca.webpChristianization, Dynastic Rule, and the Maturing Rus’ River CommonwealthPlate: East Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_HMU/f4bf445b4e56f7af557a99d22cfb5f14.webpRegional Principalities, Expanding Frontiers, and the Mongol ConquestPlate: East Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_LML/c3d7b9d4a505c27f4795bad4d9fe3cef.webpGolden Horde Suzerainty, Lithuanian Expansion, and the Rise of MoscowPlate: East Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1252-1263/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1264-1275/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1276-1287/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1288-1299/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1300-1311/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1312-1323/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1324-1335/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1336-1347/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1348-1359/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1360-1371/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1372-1383/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1384-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_LMU/3939766803262e369c8acf28a5acb298.webpMuscovite Consolidation, Lithuanian-Ruthenian Power, and the Fragmenting SteppePlate: East Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_EMOD/a4a21ca6b69440a384dbfb479d4f8789.webpMuscovite Expansion, Cossack Revolt, and the Reconstruction of State PowerPlate: East Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_LMOD/81be39a1641c25fdbf8839ade56e51de.webpEmancipation, Industrial Corridors, Revolution, and the Soviet Reconstruction of the LandscapePlate: East Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Europe_REC/58bf34246033ef0f6bf3cb60712abe66.webpLate Soviet Stagnation, Post-Socialist Upheaval, and the Return of National SovereigntyPlate: East Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_UPLE_I/ab5a66c5401c9a6a34a94eb7d07e7b60.webpRetreating Ice Margins, Baltic Plains, and Intermittent Northern HabitatsPlate: Northeast Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_UPLE_II/69386a2572cb48ba39a504100ffd3f3c.webpIce-Sheet Retreat, Reindeer Frontiers, and the Recolonization of the Baltic NorthPlate: Northeast Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_EHOL/0e30c493f52eb127eda7957c48c7da21.webpChanging Baltic Waters, Forest Lakes, and the Mesolithic North.Plate: Northeast Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_MHOL_Nus02ZK/7e2f1dc188df9f9c9f314951f1df995b.webpChanging Baltic Shores, Early Pottery, and Aquatic LifewaysPlate: Northeast Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_LHOL_dTFaGss/109183c082c6f0b83d993b283484e919.webpBaltic Foragers, Funnel Beaker Farmers, and the Corded Ware TransformationPlate: Northeast Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_EANT/cb543f064ce21ac9a7b54d13e29d1f19.webpBaltic Seaways, Forest Worlds, and the Nordic Bronze AgePlate: Northeast Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_AANT/53ae9cf3ef16cc508f43a1a1ce918ca3.webpFinnic Forest Worlds, Baltic Expansion, and the Amber FrontierPlate: Northeast Europe, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_CANT/4d365315712e34585b367b7544286a14.webpBaltic Hillforts, Nordic Iron Age Networks, and the Amber RoutesPlate: Northeast Europe, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_LANT/02606fa49ea941d0ca4fd937f4722d1b.webpBaltic Trade Systems, Finnic Expansion, and Proto-Urban ExchangePlate: Northeast Europe, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_EMEDL/30af123a9941d86f9a14d9b40c96ed7c.webpBaltic Emporia, Norse Contacts, and the Threshold of the Viking AgePlate: Northeast Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_EMEDU/0045cdaa435425819607b7b793e4c363.webpSea ExchangePlate: Northeast Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_HML/b6252586da15036585b0fb48a9debf36.webpChristian Kingship, New Royal Towns, and the Reorientation of Baltic ExchangePlate: Northeast Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_HMU/4ab19fa52a06ef717b928370ba9a152f.webpCrusading Corridors, Competing Missions, and the Baltic FrontierPlate: Northeast Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1108-1119/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1120-1131/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1132-1143/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1144-1155/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1156-1167/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1168-1179/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1180-1191/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1192-1203/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1204-1215/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1216-1227/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1228-1239/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1240-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_LML/b1060b9b259778950e2d182b4d66c608.webpHanseatic Gateways, Territorial Lordships, and the Cooling BalticPlate: Northeast Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1252-1263/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1264-1275/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1276-1287/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1288-1299/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1300-1311/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1324-1335/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1336-1347/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1348-1359/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1360-1371/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1372-1383/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1384-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_LMU/141e15cb5ddac33a7b680a9dae9990c3.webpThe Kalmar Union, Baltic Estates, and the Fracturing of Medieval OrderPlate: Northeast Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_EMOD/68edbe78d864b74431d006a5af7cce83.webpBaltic Empires, Lutheran States, and Militarized Maritime CorridorsPlate: Northeast Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_HMOD/52986917a0122d594460b45efeeca563.webpRussian Ascendancy, Agrarian Reform, and Baltic Imperial BorderlandsPlate: Northeast Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_LMOD/1980839346f1ea0cebb2faf80b5a1609.webpNational Infrastructures, Industrial Corridors, and a Divided BalticPlate: Northeast Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeast-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_UPLE_I/c5d90563c17161d31489eef9d438673a.webpNeanderthal Landscapes, Pioneer Homo sapiens, and the Central European TransitionPlate: East Central Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_UPLE_II/9c1705ef076ac143009e1d488dcb9d61.webpGlacial Frontiers, Danubian Corridors, and the Transformation from Steppe to ForestPlate: East Central Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_EHOL/38c9269ab0082fc3a096102478f10887.webpForest Lakes, River Foragers, and the Approaching Farming Frontier.Plate: East Central Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_MHOL_Ybvl94j/13df58cc512c63cef0484dca8367724c.webpFarming Villages, Tell Landscapes, and the Diversifying Lower Danube WorldPlate: East Central Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_LHOL_60mSch6/ac5843e5f9a72547761cb8fdc320844e.webpCopper Age Tells, Trypillia Farmers, and Steppe-Facing TransformationsPlate: East Central Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_EANT/3e362bec641452ccb8ed80e8229892e4.webpUrnfields, Hallstatt Precursors, Steppe NeighborsPlate: East Central Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_AANTI/05b4fae469eb3bbd69997ddba038f0dd.webpLate Bronze Age Flourishing and Early Iron Age TransformationsPlate: East Central Europe, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_AANTII/d35be3ea618c068fbbe1aa725beef7ca.webpIron Age Transition, Hallstatt Culture Emergence, and Societal TransformationPlate: East Central Europe, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_AANTIII/7d6005ac859958d6565dfa0b7a4a6207.webpHallstatt Culture Peak, Expanding Iron Age Complexity, and Early Celtic InfluencesPlate: East Central Europe, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_CANTI/6e696704af76d922b8a972895c49da76.webpCeltic Expansion, La Tène Culture Emergence, and Societal ReorganizationPlate: East Central Europe, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_CANTII/f158d40e3d616678654a81e275240802.webpLa Tène Cultural Flourishing, Celtic Dominance, and Urban ExpansionPlate: East Central Europe, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_CANTIII/144aa91fd4f814367568255878615687.webpCeltic Societies, Roman Encounters, and Late La Tène TransformationsPlate: East Central Europe, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_CANTIV/2983ab2928553c954e73f80f9d421b48.webpRoman Expansion, Germanic Migrations, and Cultural TransitionsPlate: East Central Europe, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_CANTV/72221634a65fb6b78fbbb61100c6df44.webpRoman Frontier Stability, Germanic Confederations, and Tribal RealignmentsPlate: East Central Europe, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/100-111/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/112-123/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/124-135/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/136-147/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/148-159/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/160-171/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/172-183/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/184-195/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/196-207/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/208-219/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/220-231/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/232-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_LANTI/ced57bb230965054211210fd487e7050.webpGermanic Migrations, Sarmatian Presence, and the Roman Frontier in CrisisPlate: East Central Europe, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/244-255/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/256-267/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/268-279/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/280-291/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/292-303/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/304-315/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/316-327/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/328-339/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/340-351/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/352-363/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/364-375/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/376-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_LANTII/c49d02f5441f3443368e6b6f1c035821.webpHunnic Empire, Germanic Kingdoms, Sarmatian Legacy, and Early Slavic ExpansionPlate: East Central Europe, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/388-399/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/400-411/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/412-423/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/424-435/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/436-447/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/448-459/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/460-471/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/472-483/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/484-495/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/496-507/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/508-519/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/520-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_LANTIII/147ca9ed7b7f75f5e77925773b801f39.webpAvar Dominion, Slavic Expansion, Bulgar Migrations, and Fragmentation of Merovingian PowerPlate: East Central Europe, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/532-543/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/544-555/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/556-567/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/568-579/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/580-591/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/592-603/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/604-615/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/616-627/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/628-639/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/640-651/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/652-663/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/664-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_EMEDL/19f642d354b3585418cf00e52ace1878.webpCollapse of the Avar Khaganate, Rise of Slavic Principalities, and Carolingian ExpansionPlate: East Central Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/676-687/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/688-699/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/700-711/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/712-723/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/724-735/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/736-747/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/760-771/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/772-783/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/784-795/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/796-807/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/808-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_EMEDU_G0FOphx/65860f1ae2defd02a0f96c9e962cf076.webpGreat Moravia, Ottonian Frontiers, and the Magyar Settlement of the Carpathian BasinPlate: East Central Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/820-831/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/832-843/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/844-855/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/868-879/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/880-891/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/892-903/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/904-915/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/916-927/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/928-939/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/940-951/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/952-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_HML_MwaTeVs/05bcecef49c1db1ac3b29ef399bab1fd.webpChristian Monarchies, Imperial Bishoprics, and the Settlement of the Magyar RealmPlate: East Central Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/964-975/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/976-987/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/988-999/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1000-1011/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1012-1023/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1024-1035/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1036-1047/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1048-1059/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1060-1071/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1072-1083/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1084-1095/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1096-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_HMU_0VJfWyx/7c7c9fa7a77d7460788b976de4c930a0.webpForest Clearance, Town Law, and the Expansion of Agrarian NetworksPlate: East Central Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1108-1119/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1120-1131/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1132-1143/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1144-1155/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1156-1167/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1168-1179/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1180-1191/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1192-1203/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1204-1215/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1216-1227/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1228-1239/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1240-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_LML_gft86Xm/8995d8e92beed4840a9d56630bc4bda0.webpMining Kingdoms, Dynastic Unions, and the Consolidation of Urban CorridorsPlate: East Central Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1252-1263/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1264-1275/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1276-1287/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1288-1299/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1300-1311/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1312-1323/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1324-1335/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1336-1347/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1348-1359/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1360-1371/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1372-1383/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_LMU_qLU9YJt/ea8db66a52dd29e20e9ff0cd08b15217.webpHussite Reform, Jagiellonian Ascendancy, and the Fracturing of the Danube FrontierPlate: East Central Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_EMOD_c8Yhu0L/3cc200d10d9d8df10b7abd178bd13781.webpConfessional States, Military Corridors, and the Devastation of the Thirty Years’ WarPlate: East Central Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_HMOD_AqrdFCl/2ced2e31a4a254e651a114cafc9934e9.webpHabsburg Expansion, Prussian Militarization, and the Administrative Reordering of the CountrysidePlate: East Central Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_LMOD_3UvA3jO/36062f6c64ef17bf7610917fe05f9428.webpRailways, National States, Industrial War, and the Cold War BorderlandPlate: East Central Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_REC_A4OVzlG/98ecf04c7355a3db458a7218220ae8ec.webpDemocratic Revolutions, European Integration, and the Rebalancing of the Industrial LandscapePlate: East Central Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-central-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_UPLE_I/4315cd6bebb5b41d9fe7e40ed36a6de2.webpLower Danube Refugia, Neanderthal–Modern Human Encounters, and Black Sea PlainsPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_UPLE_II/227563659ff6cef79fd0950c1542e48f.webpLower Danube Refugia, Black Sea Transformation, and the Rise of Riverine LifewaysPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_EHOL/e58a6a5f7f491598963783b42a9ad755.webpDanube Foragers, Balkan Forests, and the First Farming Frontier.Plate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_MHOL/ae038cccd76bbac49079d61f631248d3.webpFarming Landscapes, Adriatic Coasts, and Diversifying Balkan WorldsPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_LHOL_nZnnRY9/e6604998ad0df5071d07af683671626e.webpTripolye WorldsPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_EANT/e6b081eef743f7b2f9617eb67ef63ba4.webpThracian Polities, Steppe Kurgans, and Aegean LinksPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-2637--2494/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-2493--2350/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-2349--2206/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-2205--2062/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-2061--1918/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-1917--1774/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-1773--1630/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-1629--1486/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-1341--1198/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-1197--1054/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-1053--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_AANTI/9bbe05b9015d34665469e0102aad0f39.webpConsolidation and Cultural FlourishingPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_AANTII/6d7ef5aad3db33edd455b71b09c50eb5.webpExpansion, Exchange, and the Growth of Regional PowerPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_AANTIII/0a9cf0a345113b0221e41099d53875ed.webpGreek Colonization, Thracian Consolidation, and the Threshold of Classical CivilizationPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_CANTI/5cd9de5e79a61d20b3ccdd8a3b6ce7ca.webpRegional Kingdoms, Greek Poleis, and Macedonian AscendancyPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_CANTII/acb22c2045985f499bc1ceb5c7c4010b.webpMacedonian Rule, Hellenistic Integration, and Indigenous ResiliencePlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_CANTIII/f8dc3fbed09aa8c1ec1c4b466c09dd09.webpExpanding Roman Influence, Getian Power, and the End of the Hellenistic FrontierPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_CANTIV/0b28ad41fb6e641554488ea03e7d294d.webpRoman Consolidation, Frontier Administration, and the Danube ProvincesPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_CANTV/6911408862da46cbb408abe239c05362.webpRoman Dacia, Imperial Prosperity, and the Danube FrontierPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_LANTI/30352b61049c32718990e0fe19ba6b1e.webpImperial Crisis, Frontier Reorganization, and the Rise of ConstantinoplePlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/244-255/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/256-267/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/268-279/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/280-291/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/292-303/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/304-315/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/316-327/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/328-339/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/340-351/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/352-363/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/364-375/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/376-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_LANTII/5f1528f9913cf11dbedcb45eead55ee7.webpGothic Migrations, the Survival of the Eastern Empire, and the Rise of ConstantinoplePlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/388-399/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/400-411/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/412-423/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/424-435/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/436-447/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/448-459/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/460-471/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/472-483/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/484-495/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/496-507/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/508-519/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/520-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_LANTIII/4b962ccaa9545b10ece6b63703a056e8.webpPlague, Slavic Settlement, and the Emergence of the Byzantine BalkansPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/532-543/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/544-555/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/556-567/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/568-579/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/580-591/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/592-603/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/604-615/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/616-627/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/628-639/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/640-651/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/652-663/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/664-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_EMEDL/6d6ba15719a2c1210e27ee2ca0ac951a.webpFirst Bulgarian Empire, Byzantine Thrace, and the Reorganization of the Lower Danube FrontierPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/676-687/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/688-699/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/700-711/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/712-723/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/724-735/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/736-747/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/748-759/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/760-771/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/772-783/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/784-795/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/796-807/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/808-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_LMOD/f100f8e5515f10073fd3e958024e6e3a.webpConstantinople, the Lower Danube, and the Repeated Reordering of a Continental CrossroadsPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 820 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_EMEDU/b81d348f16d7ca1b57f71fa465949232.webpBulgarian Ascendancy, Constantinopolitan Rivalry, and Slavic Christian IntegrationPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/820-831/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/832-843/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/844-855/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/856-867/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/868-879/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/880-891/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/892-903/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/904-915/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/916-927/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/928-939/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/940-951/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/952-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_HML/9201a4819ea67d07304e51fa34e86394.webpByzantine Reconquest, Danubian Militarization, and Steppe MobilityPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/964-975/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/976-987/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/988-999/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1000-1011/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1012-1023/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1024-1035/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1036-1047/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1048-1059/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1072-1083/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1084-1095/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1096-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_HMU/fbdc5311e1dcacbaae2162247a2d68d0.webpKomnenian Coordination, Bulgarian Restoration, and the Fragmentation of Constantinople’s OrderPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1108-1119/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1120-1131/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1132-1143/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1144-1155/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1156-1167/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1168-1179/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1180-1191/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1192-1203/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1204-1215/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1216-1227/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1228-1239/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1240-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1252-1263/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1264-1275/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1276-1287/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1288-1299/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1300-1311/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1312-1323/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1324-1335/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1336-1347/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1348-1359/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1360-1371/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1372-1383/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1384-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_LMU/4730bca9f86fe32bb35f7f1e6659cdeb.webpOttoman Ascendancy, Istanbul’s Imperial Reorientation, and Tributary Danubian StatesPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_EMOD/9ef775c9ab4fd1ab22eb15b30175a3f7.webpOttoman Provincial Integration, Danubian Tributary Politics, and Confessional PluralityPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_HMOD/fca887f5955a0291934799c5c85019be.webpImperial Retrenchment, Commercial Agriculture, and Danubian Political AwakeningPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_REC/1c83067c074cdfe15ac3ddd44727cf6e.webpPostindustrial Reordering, European Integration, and the Return of Contested FrontiersPlate: Eastern Southeast Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-southeast-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_UPLE_I/b747b68386829beb8be437d508bf93e8.webpZagros Shelters, Mesopotamian Plains, and the Eurasian Population CrossroadsPlate: Middle East, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_UPLE_II/604134f5204a27394285a027a251454d.webpMountain Refugia, River Lowlands, and the First Experiments with CultivationPlate: Middle East, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_EHOL/bbccc9c884206e07dc355cf1d4f32d84.webpVillage Fields, Managed Herds, and the Uneven Expansion of Food Production.Plate: Middle East, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-7821--7678/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-7677--7534/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-7533--7390/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-7389--7246/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-7245--7102/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-7101--6958/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-6957--6814/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-6813--6670/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-6669--6526/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-6525--6382/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-6381--6238/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_MHOL_EWL5sjK/caa701c349eaec45b66a45091780a44b.webpFarming Villages, Wetland Plains, and Diverging Regional EconomiesPlate: Middle East, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-6093--5950/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-5949--5806/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-5805--5662/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-5661--5518/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-5517--5374/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-5373--5230/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-5229--5086/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-5085--4942/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-4941--4798/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-4797--4654/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-4653--4510/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-4509--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_LHOL_ONeXbiQ/ff5470f94d0c55020a9d697833707b17.webpIrrigated Lowlands, Highland Villages, and Copper ExchangePlate: Middle East, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-4365--4222/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-4221--4078/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-4077--3934/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-3933--3790/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-3789--3646/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-3501--3358/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-3357--3214/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-3213--3070/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-3069--2926/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-2781--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_EANT/6a79d58a48d0fa9793bac90e380f2dbe.webpHighland–Oasis Symbiosis, Steppe LinksPlate: Middle East, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-2637--2494/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-2493--2350/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-2349--2206/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_AANTI/4b01d02f22bf3a912b4ea2d512143e77.webpNeo-Assyrian Expansion, Urartian Resistance, and the Reorganization of the Fertile CrescentPlate: Middle East, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_AANTII/24e54d978d943137a5afbaa455d37101.webpAssyrian Restoration, Urartian Rivalry, and the Reorganization of the Fertile CrescentPlate: Middle East, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_EMEDL/74b5f31f90914712e4d9a14c3c9be5ad.webpAbbasid Mesopotamia, Islamic Irrigation, and the Reorganization of the Middle EastPlate: Middle East, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_EMEDU/efc5cd4381d08c91a480c7c7884bbb2a.webpAbbasid Decentralization, Regional Courts, and the Reorganization of the Continental CorridorsPlate: Middle East, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_HML_bAxCxNW/c560d8de9ba8303aa4ee48026889661f.webpBuyid Fragmentation, Seljuk Integration, and the Reordering of Anatolia and the CaucasusPlate: Middle East, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_HMU/f7e7379f5ad28bc7b7313561358f9f60.webpSeljuk Fragmentation, Ayyubid Coordination, Georgian Ascendancy, and the Threshold of Mongol ConquestPlate: Middle East, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_LML_ecq5AC4/7a621f4081acac22791d08cfb0acc596.webpIlkhanid Integration, Mamluk Consolidation, Gulf Ascendancy, and Timurid RupturePlate: Middle East, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_LMU/540db76b7b7dfe01713bfa8a702f7d94.webpSafavid PartitionPlate: Middle East, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_EMOD/11440de6132c0c113de128519bae6eb3.webpSafavid Consolidation, Commercial Frontiers, and the Omani Maritime RevivalPlate: Middle East, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_HMOD/ad1be48ab9002f7c6ce578e782504369.webpSafavid Collapse, Ottoman Provincial Power, Russian Expansion, and Omani Maritime AscendancyPlate: Middle East, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_LMOD/4bebe1e1f23bdac8b336eb115475121e.webpImperial Retreat, National States, Oil Corridors, and Cold War RealignmentPlate: Middle East, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Middle_East_REC/562c1a5c9872dd0b2d980aec70a6d33b.webpRevolution, War, Oil States, Fragmented Sovereignty, and Mass DisplacementPlate: Middle East, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-east/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_UPLE_I/26f2b6f708a5ea9361cf8a4b4fa1368e.webpIndus Corridors, Himalayan Margins, and Diverse Stone-Tool TraditionsPlate: Upper South Asia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_UPLE_II/3886ed2ffc99b8dcbae72e602e0d470a.webpMonsoon Weakening, River Refugia, and the Reorganization of the Subcontinental InteriorPlate: Upper South Asia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_EHOL/eff9e7e75b980dbc21ae42c1aa1f66d9.webpMonsoon Rivers, Mobile Foragers, and the First Tended Rice Wetlands.Plate: Upper South Asia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_MHOL_5Q9R1TL/f381335b56de2674167e4cefb6285e85.webpMonsoon Rivers, Emerging Northwest Farming, and Diverse Forager WorldsPlate: Upper South Asia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_LHOL_XbGqLIo/86665cabc5a707bfc2bad9aad7747d34.webpRegional Farming Worlds and the Rise of Early Harappan NetworksPlate: Upper South Asia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_EANT/516f1671e120e480bca660c08ee1a1af.webpIndus Civilization, Rice Northward, Painted Grey WarePlate: Upper South Asia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-2637--2494/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-2493--2350/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-2349--2206/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-2205--2062/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-1917--1774/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-1773--1630/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-1629--1486/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-1485--1342/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-1341--1198/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-1197--1054/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-1053--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_AANTI/038e6a46c776f5add9b50060c2ea9ac4.webpEmerging Kingdoms and Cultural FoundationsPlate: Upper South Asia, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_AANTII/197ff47d8b62cde3534d7f1793f48e2f.webpRegional Dynamics and Cultural FlourishingPlate: Upper South Asia, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_AANTIII/2582cb893f6115286db270e7efe8aab6.webpEmpires, Faiths, and Cultural TransformationsPlate: Upper South Asia, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_CANTII_AkAhtil/6557e9addf3c430d10066ddc759aff98.webpImperial Expansion and Cultural FlourishingPlate: Upper South Asia, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_CANTIII/a291649fbb8e1795b74f8000ee5fa028.webpFragmentation, Cultural Flourishing, and Indo-Greek InfluencesPlate: Upper South Asia, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_CANTIV/cf18c6818f7f9c9177ca0e4ba5927623.webpConsolidation of Empires, Trade Networks, and Cultural DynamismPlate: Upper South Asia, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_CANTV/ad6a432b1bbd462e07a2f703aa566619.webpThe Kushan Golden Age, Cross-Cultural Exchanges, and Regional DiversificationPlate: Upper South Asia, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_LANTI/6677aeb93d7c59da035e0828213c5991.webpImperial Fragmentation, Gupta Ascendancy, and Cultural RenaissancePlate: Upper South Asia, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_LANTII/872da5c519a222c152a01caa1d5f342a.webpGupta Golden Age, Hun Invasions, and Cultural ResiliencePlate: Upper South Asia, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_LANTIII/44f151f7842119da7095c24be771bc0c.webpPost-Gupta Fragmentation, Regional Dynasties, and Cultural ContinuitiesPlate: Upper South Asia, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_EMEDL/4d5dba829f82dd377f07022a7853e1d9.webpRise of Regional States and Cultural FlourishingPlate: Upper South Asia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_EMEDU/1e0cdc3ac281ce7fcb400f0600f9c1e7.webpPala Rivalry, Frontier Kingdoms, and Interregional ExchangePlate: Upper South Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_HML/a62ff2b371888a7ee0c85d0352f4dd7b.webpGhaznavid Corridors, Pala Renewal, and Himalayan ExchangePlate: Upper South Asia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_LML/65138c6230bb1a8dd7328880f9ab08af.webpTughluq Administration, Independent Bengal, and Regional Courtly NetworksPlate: Upper South Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_LMU/4e0540f011fd86c26ab58b8fef7892b7.webpArakan Maritime HingePlate: Upper South Asia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_EMOD/875c5cf5cdc8779de3fbfddb7f4566b0.webpEmpires of Conquest, Faith, and SynthesisPlate: Upper South Asia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_HMOD/fbdcc33c8de19032c1f6135ce192a722.webpMughal Fragmentation, Afghan and Sikh Ascendancy, and Company ExpansionPlate: Upper South Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_LMOD/b22dbbaf2e49cd7f17c5524f1ccf6ac4.webpColonial Infrastructure, National Mobilization, Partition, and Postcolonial StatesPlate: Upper South Asia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_South_Asia_REC/959d6d9098a5f24c3798318d2a244e45.webpWar, Liberalization, Urban Expansion, and Climate-Constrained ConnectivityPlate: Upper South Asia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/upper-south-asia/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_UPLE_I/d0306f99f45585d618632884167549fe.webpSunda Margins, Island Forests, and Uncertain Human FrontiersPlate: Andamanasia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_UPLE_II/399089eb567d25a14a95738a93883c9b.webpRainforest Refugia, Drowned Coasts, and the Uncertain Human Frontier of the Andaman SeaPlate: Andamanasia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_EHOL/6e08b950c399d7896514765e360970e5.webpMonsoon Forests, Hoabinhian Shores, and the Rising Indian Ocean.Plate: Andamanasia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_MHOL_LPv2L6x/1202642a917874f336b9a77c4fdcf965.webpRainforest Coasts, Island Frontiers, and Uneven Human WorldsPlate: Andamanasia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_LHOL_vjSHeBK/1b84f74fd5e2c38ad86b62bcb8fe1689.webpIsland Foragers, Coastal Crossings, and Bay of Bengal FrontiersPlate: Andamanasia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_EANT/2367c7744b1e3e158d878715424c3c77.webpCanoe Confederacies and Trans-Bay LinksPlate: Andamanasia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_AANT/864c7f738f3cc49ad06ca3daed5ab6eb.webpEmerging Maritime Communities of the Eastern BayPlate: Andamanasia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_CANT/0a41fefdda50c250ba10e06b4f2302de.webpExpanding Bay of Bengal Maritime NetworksPlate: Andamanasia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_LANT/e8decc791a8182da4b6e4445a8b4e3f0.webpMaritime Exchange and Island ConfederaciesPlate: Andamanasia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_EMEDL/44a42b803f774117f90f2751b931da01.webpBay of Bengal Canoe CrossroadsPlate: Andamanasia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_EMEDU/a6070853f1b1cf409f2e1c0cd709304d.webpForest Commodities, Monsoon Passages, and Archipelagic AutonomyPlate: Andamanasia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_HML/57fc5f893d2c9bd46446249d3a366141.webpChola Disruption, Tamil Merchant Networks, and Expanding Port ExchangePlate: Andamanasia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_HMU/7c2b9cb7dc6b8d3f552ccb38bb4cce3b.webpSpecialized Ports, Plural Merchant Communities, and the Threshold of IslamizationPlate: Andamanasia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_HML_SoGbGc1/fcab7a07d6bc3afbb8c3d4285073da4d.webpMuslim Port States, Expanding Diasporas, and Persistent Island AutonomiesPlate: Andamanasia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_LMU/b9cba0102d5a5debf356482c954206fb.webpMelakan Ascendancy, Acehnese Consolidation, and Portuguese DisruptionPlate: Andamanasia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_EMOD/28fb2638d7a719f69c9c401b97c1f144.webpAcehnese Maritime Power, Gunpowder Competition, and Rebalanced Port AuthorityPlate: Andamanasia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_HMOD/4a4d7d82c2f7cd2a1828190725bae939.webpDecentralized Acehnese Commerce, Fragile Colonial Footholds, and the Settlement of CocosPlate: Andamanasia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_LMOD/9394252e971e478052684461e878eef0.webpColonial Conquest, Penal and Plantation Corridors, and Uneven National IntegrationPlate: Andamanasia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/andamanasia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Andamanasia_REC/50bae9624c289cbdf62fa41d3f11dacb.webpArmed Conflict, Tsunami Reconstruction, Protected Territories, and Networked Archipelagic IntegrationPlate: Andamanasia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_UPLE_I/1c191d5a9739924fd9a2f4aa5d6aee68.webpDeccan Foragers, Sri Lankan Rainforests, and Indian Ocean LowlandsPlate: Maritime South Asia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_UPLE_II/b4e35d4f886f26a2165252d3f44a5642.webpMonsoon Shifts, Rainforest Foragers, and the Drowning of the Peninsular CoastsPlate: Maritime South Asia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_EHOL/85987b6dd706322a69a60cdede37f2f3.webpMonsoon Foragers, Rainforest Hunters, and the Reefs beneath the Rising Sea.Plate: Maritime South Asia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_MHOL_xbcSwc4/e1e5ff8fdac103ec11d9ff1a43ddad75.webpMicrolithic Landscapes, Monsoon Coasts, and Human-Free Oceanic AtollsPlate: Maritime South Asia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_LHOL_uOIaxgH/69b18de630cd434865ce30139e488789.webpCoastal Foragers, Early Deccan Settlements, and Uninhabited Oceanic IslandsPlate: Maritime South Asia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_EANT/d95990ef46fe5bbf9c7a06d9ea872da2.webpMegalithic South and Early Historic GatewaysPlate: Maritime South Asia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_AANT/6533caa4a7a95b3ab6975cc653a28850.webpMonsoon Coasts and Emerging Peninsular KingdomsPlate: Maritime South Asia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_CANT/c82e820d0e35c58a99e317ec1975cc71.webpSangam Ports and Indian Ocean ExchangePlate: Maritime South Asia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_LANT/25195dd2866f8c98a83128576fa86b87.webpIrrigation Kingdoms and Expanding Maritime CorridorsPlate: Maritime South Asia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_EMEDL/22be9febaecba74c4af16bd8c68030a8.webpHydraulic Landscapes and Maritime CrossroadsPlate: Maritime South Asia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_EMEDU/5b088cc0bad8ea5159ad66baf26a0d6f.webpPallava Decline, Chola Restoration, and Anuradhapura’s Irrigated WorldPlate: Maritime South Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_HML/c3e3a4bc2eafab2713ee3d34e15bdaa8.webpChola Imperial Coordination, Deccan Rivalry, and the Shift to PolonnaruwaPlate: Maritime South Asia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_HMU/e354f82392281c65d28f3bec8ebab654.webpChola Contraction, Pandyan and Hoysala Expansion, Polonnaruwa’s Culmination, and the Islamic MaldivesPlate: Maritime South Asia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_LML/264fcdfd2f7070ba8ddb3c4df8b63b35.webpPandyan Expansion and Collapse, Deccan Sultanate Formation, Vijayanagara’s Rise, and Sri Lankan FragmentationPlate: Maritime South Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_LMU/bec05083c839abb85b43128f7a3f4dfe.webpVijayanagara Consolidation, Deccan Sultanates, Sri Lankan Regional Kingdoms, and Portuguese IntrusionPlate: Maritime South Asia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_EMOD/36d82faba1629fee2fdc46d9f8c99644.webpVijayanagara’s Political Fragmentation, Nayaka and Sultanate Worlds, Portuguese Retrenchment, and Dutch ExpansionPlate: Maritime South Asia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_HMOD/70bec9ef5e57b9628d5a2b20276a4f3a.webpMysorean and Maratha Power, Company Conquest, Colonial Plantations, and the Settlement of ChagosPlate: Maritime South Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_LMOD/e6fc6d1e9d127c5f67564478b8eed796.webpBritish Colonial Integration, Plantation and Railway Corridors, Independence, and Chagossian DisplacementPlate: Maritime South Asia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-south-asia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_South_Asia_REC/0aa528dd21b4d01210df05a45eb2b009.webpDigital Corridors, Tourism and Migration, Civil War and Recovery, and Climate-Vulnerable CoastsPlate: Maritime South Asia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_UPLE_I/0589044e9e421ec63e9ffd08f8bcade7.webpDhofar Refugia, Desert Pulses, and Arabian Sea MarginsPlate: Southeast Arabia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_UPLE_II/e0cb7210af1182c72d421e3fe6d53044.webpArid Refugia, Drowned Coasts, and the Return of the MonsoonPlate: Southeast Arabia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_EHOL/293b7c0e595b8086740a7c2fbdf306f1.webpMonsoon Lakes, Wadi Foragers, and the Greener Arabian South.Plate: Southeast Arabia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_MHOL_SFenuPe/7974b75ea3e253bdb5b68c6d7eaba5d2.webpMonsoon Uplands, Early Herding, and Coastal Forager WorldsPlate: Southeast Arabia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_LHOL_Fvh7TOC/db08337c351653223e603c4ff32513f0.webpPastoral Wadis, Coastal Camps, and Monsoon RefugiaPlate: Southeast Arabia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_EANT/e45fc57a28c2b95db7c2dcf8b63c3f4a.webpIncense, Pastures, and Canoe HubsPlate: Southeast Arabia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_AANT/3b8f2bf9bcc6efd3c1b11d39a9cdc4f9.webpWadi Communities and the Origins of the Incense LandscapePlate: Southeast Arabia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_CANT/d42c0522f14d678fab676fa081c51369.webpIncense Kingdoms and Expanding Indian Ocean CommercePlate: Southeast Arabia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_LANT/4fee1d2fc702520a4ef05b937913da96.webpMature Incense Corridors and Wadi CivilizationsPlate: Southeast Arabia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_EMEDL/fbfb058ee4e5b9b1e8b31c6bfe01cce8.webpThe Incense Frontier of the Indian OceanPlate: Southeast Arabia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_EMEDU/a5df4d10f702f35755ad68a4e9d4ef33.webpWadi Communities, Incense Groves, and Socotri Coastal WorldsPlate: Southeast Arabia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_HMU/708ddc2f2ece3c057a1cdaedca8f11e8.webpSpecialized Ports, Maritime Commerce, and Expanding Islamic InstitutionsPlate: Southeast Arabia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_LML/b46a084260191550e8a07824c7c71b04.webpSocotran CoordinationPlate: Southeast Arabia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_LMU/7a48b78ae9baa059445d250c1df8535e.webpMature Port Networks and Limited Portuguese IntrusionPlate: Southeast Arabia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_EMOD/c480027785a308473e7369b9f3f49ef8.webpArabian Maritime Recovery and the Expansion of Hadhrami DiasporasPlate: Southeast Arabia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_HMOD/a30bfd1fea62f6c50a6e896c90450b82.webpMature Diasporas, Layered Sultanates, and Oceanic ConnectivityPlate: Southeast Arabia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southeast-arabia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southeast_Arabia_REC/d63ac527d4a5448ebe0a8affb1371f7f.webpOil-State Integration, Unified Yemen, War, and Climate-Vulnerable CoastsPlate: Southeast Arabia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_UPLE_I/17c3be04ac0255d0d227622d08412789.webpCoastal Hinterlands, Rift Connections, and an Unsettled Western Indian OceanPlate: Maritime East Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_UPLE_II/85d2e139fcc4020b852d226194baefe1.webpMonsoon Coasts, Savanna Refugia, and the Unpeopled Islands of the Western Indian OceanPlate: Maritime East Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_EHOL/da307dc399c536916be022384886f36f.webpCoastal Foragers, Rising Mangroves, and the Unpeopled Western Indian Ocean Islands.Plate: Maritime East Africa, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_MHOL_1IBFGLI/5e216b0a48dc56f4005142d4363555ba.webpMangrove Coasts, Fisher-Forager Worlds, and Human-Free Oceanic IslandsPlate: Maritime East Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_LHOL_9wZEfMJ/72c79147e6535619de51486ab8fba79a.webpCoastal Foragers, Monsoon Shores, and Uninhabited IslandsPlate: Maritime East Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_EANT/b58263bd377d9825d62e477da498e105.webpFirst Farming Villages and Austronesian LandfallsPlate: Maritime East Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_AANT/3380c543c89862cfad5f7a0d3a6ad42f.webpMonsoon Estuaries and Emerging Coastal CommunitiesPlate: Maritime East Africa, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_CANT/04e4a06e8fa3c8a1220a9e1ef24c5c99.webpCoastal Exchange and Afro–Austronesian EncountersPlate: Maritime East Africa, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_LANT/aaf873f4bb9802aaa24be1e2e9815179.webpCoastal Chiefdoms and Western Indian Ocean NetworksPlate: Maritime East Africa, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_EMEDU_6g2HyGM/da184d0449aa377555c15d08fb4f7e37.webpCoastal Communities and the Formation of the Swahili Maritime WorldPlate: Maritime East Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_HML/92bf29b977e0bf2b3118a93b20f71189.webpExpanding Swahili Ports and Regional Maritime SpecializationPlate: Maritime East Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_HMU/5c9b4667cd4427ee7436efefe3ff694c.webpKilwa’s Southern Ascendancy and the Consolidation of Swahili Maritime StatesPlate: Maritime East Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_LML/3127878454204b3106b6ae81108bf367.webpSwahili Commercial Zenith, Kilwa’s Gold Corridor, and Island-State IntegrationPlate: Maritime East Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_LMU/73e99f3596c8a29cd4d3c1641383f903.webpMature Swahili Port States and the First Portuguese Maritime IntrusionPlate: Maritime East Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_EMOD/778f21a747014152bfb26797235b7540.webpPortuguese Coastal Hegemony, Swahili Adaptation, and the Rise of Malagasy KingdomsPlate: Maritime East Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_HMOD/455a90b0db8802231681df9bf2373291.webpOmani Ascendancy, Malagasy State Expansion, and the Growth of Plantation IslandsPlate: Maritime East Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_LMOD/4b0544fd58c70e8268bf205e2b0d03e3.webpClove Empire, Colonial Partition, Mechanized Port Corridors, and DecolonizationPlate: Maritime East Africa, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_REC/66b21cb66f2c550fe3c74239f1b9f56e.webpComplete Decolonization, Postcolonial Corridors, Urban Expansion, and Climate-Vulnerable CoastsPlate: Maritime East Africa, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/maritime-east-africa/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_UPLE_I/00f29cecd2ad030c8d8389c79d0faf48.webpCape Plains, Interior Grasslands, and Middle-to-Later Stone Age DiversityPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_UPLE_II/2335faced85edea6f60a9d8cfb717586.webpGlacial Grasslands, Drowned Coastal Plains, and the Reorganization of Southern African ForagingPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_EHOL/c368a6f777a914541a31a248347165f1.webpGrassland Foragers, Oakhurst Traditions, and the Changing Early Holocene South.Plate: Temperate Southern Africa, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_MHOL_B6HB7sM/3eec0ffae5c7aecd7ab3b0f8ec455d67.webpCoastal Foragers, Grassland Hunters, and Diverse Later Stone Age WorldsPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_LHOL_f40Hv2j/8d42da2b4ed234da9cc4341c09fb7641.webpForager Societies Across Coast, Grassland, and Dry InteriorPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_EANT/26e109e12f05dbbd9606748b56bd42da.webpLater Stone Age Worlds of the Cape, Karoo, and InteriorPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_AANT/7e1fe82968b9dfd799d3c1fd53b693d9.webpEarly Iron Age Expansion and the Formation of Agro-Pastoral LandscapesPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_CANT/b61ef4f2cf9ca45fcfe6b219f7617746.webpAgricultural Consolidation and Expanding Regional ExchangePlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_LANT/6920fa2cce1a36c988d6d8bd58dc7403.webpEmerging Chiefdoms and Expanding Plateau NetworksPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_EMEDL/056189b45cc0287616292d8677a842dc.webpMature Iron Age Chiefdoms and the Precursors of Zimbabwe CivilizationPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_EMEDU/fc8859806580e859c03f8fd4bf02bd40.webpForager WorldsPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_HML/e4ad0f676a628c6f240bb972fbcd276c.webpLimpopo Exchange, Expanding Grassland Settlement, and the First Plateau CentersPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_HMU/11dcc61f4a087d005dfd701509aa4bb2.webpMapungubwe Kingship, Expanding Plateau Networks, and Great Zimbabwe’s EmergencePlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_LML/d6237b66a782fc42eb4d2248f337b0bb.webpGreat Zimbabwe’s Ascendancy and the Reorientation of Plateau TradePlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_LMU/8e63cc82cccd754cf3bc706d4549c2a3.webpPlateau-State Reorganization and the First Sustained Oceanic IntrusionPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_EMOD/b7155f1e14af44f1fc930cbd322d68ee.webpRegional Chiefdoms, Khami-State Continuity, and the Colonial Wedge at the CapePlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_HMOD/3e42c14d0cf8d9f919bb55be9a8117f8.webpExpanding Colonial Frontiers, Interior Towns, and the First Transformative StatesPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_LMOD/30eff979a03a33b01f165125fdc6867d.webpTerritorial Conquest, Mineral-Industrial Corridors, and Racial StatesPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/temperate-southern-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_REC/0576e8758d9a98e76f9a13310d64a935.webpLiberation, Constitutional States, Regional Integration, and Unequal RecoveryPlate: Temperate Southern Africa, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_UPLE_I/24175ea5bb83f438290b30d8fb546e22.webpKerguelen Ice, Crozet Volcanoes, and Subantarctic Ocean WorldsPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_UPLE_II/bb77e30f3b33eef13201b3b6217535dc.webpGlacial Islands, Southern-Ocean Storms, and the Human-Free SubantarcticPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_EHOL/20dcb8a5f261dea37a1378d89e718122.webpPeatlands, Westerly Winds, and the Unpeopled Subantarctic Islands.Plate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_MHOL_JmElJDL/43df276857acda6d7979c2884d782e8c.webpStorm Islands, Peatlands, and Subantarctic Marine WorldsPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_LHOL_lhdVtIk/d6980bf8e25035e6c6c40f6c49a88356.webpPeatlands, Rookeries, and the Southern WesterliesPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_EANT/db7896f4da061b664ddef94fbecef570.webpStable Coasts, Mobile Colonies in the Subantarctic ArcsPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_HML/c20e45d916200037bbf1564763cf965f.webpTerrestrial and Nearshore Ecologies in Quiet MaturityPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_HMU/4ceceaf0128785ecc6155e0348f82e08.webpExpansion of Ice-Free and Vegetated NichesPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_LML/6209d308d53bee7a907df1a8788d61b9.webpMature Ecosystems under Growing Climatic VariabilityPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_LMU/a59e955c4f414ffac52ba0aab7da25d5.webpEarly Little Ice Age Stress in Resilient Island EcosystemsPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_EMOD/0b57d9b4e5545962fa8096b8ad8cec0d.webpMaritime Horizons Approach an Unreached CoastPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_LMOD/c7ee76ddde9fe438c0426bd948474506.webpExtraction, Biological Invasion, and Permanent Scientific OccupationPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southwest-indian-ocean/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southwest_Indian_Ocean_REC/ef4769e8447a8ab1177efa47e7af5817.webpConservation, Restoration, and Climate ObservationPlate: Southwest Indian Ocean, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_UPLE_I/37942985fcf9c8ee9f00f8a6048a0aa4.webpContinental Ice, Katabatic Coasts, and Shifting Shelf MarginsPlate: Western East Antarctica, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_UPLE_II/7ec1afc5dd8e6e27fad02f40f3af91b0.webpIce-Sheet Margins, Coastal Oases, and the Reorganization of the Southern OceanPlate: Western East Antarctica, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_EHOL/cf33cc993d265d05e9d58b52e7c0f7e8.webpThinning Ice Margins, Coastal Polynyas, and the Unpeopled Polar Continent.Plate: Western East Antarctica, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_MHOL_jxe4GXX/122bf23f84bdbfd62f524a5925c221ca.webpRoss Sea Retreat, Dry Valleys, and Opening Coastal HabitatsPlate: Western East Antarctica, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_LHOL/46a94c37faeaf0e02ae8301373d70c00.webpCoastal Oases, Ice Frontiers, and Polar RefugiaPlate: Western East Antarctica, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_EANT/bf85ee9d8178a2160fd8d3d3daf47245.webpIcebound Shores and Subantarctic RefugesPlate: Western East Antarctica, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_AANT/bb968dc10f52fe95b45bf15ca6849ee8.webpPersistent Ice Margins and Polar OasesPlate: Western East Antarctica, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_CANT/3172e6fe0d2baf8d866b4818d46a902e.webpMature Ice Margins and Polar Ecological StabilityPlate: Western East Antarctica, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_LANT/79f1308a2d5b79a28bf7007cb2189cbc.webpIntegrated Polar Systems and Long-Term Ice ContinuityPlate: Western East Antarctica, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_EMEDL/922ea2bb449c660eb31b0fb1d92dac84.webpFully Mature Polar Ecosystems Along the East Antarctic MarginPlate: Western East Antarctica, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_EMEDU/73a1ba369c1c0774eb3a88f40a4f39a7.webpAn Unseen Continental Ice MarginPlate: Western East Antarctica, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_HML/4ee495fba580642d07dfbac10fe65ebf.webpPolar Stability Beyond Human KnowledgePlate: Western East Antarctica, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_HMU/42837f5761bfd67adb6aa0ae6a435ce1.webpSeasonal Life Along an Unoccupied Ice CoastPlate: Western East Antarctica, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_LML/a46280cc9f26126196db9e484f0ab11c.webpIndian OceansPlate: Western East Antarctica, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_LMU/b29f1d8b764c855700f85aff62179de6.webpAn Imagined South Beyond the Pack IcePlate: Western East Antarctica, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_EMOD/ca7aaa04b74042900903f5f711f14125.webpTerra Australis and the Unreached Polar CoastPlate: Western East Antarctica, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_HMOD/e8f827764a12c8ca21720ca001c55e22.webpFrom the Imagined Continent to the Threshold of ObservationPlate: Western East Antarctica, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_LMOD_jIkClhA/107cfe64b9d25b6c9eb02bde692b741b.webpExploration, Survey, and the Scientific FootholdPlate: Western East Antarctica, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-east-antarctica/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_East_Antarctica_REC/ea5b7f60f67e8511f8a10114b8eebdc3.webpExploration, Survey, and the Scientific FootholdPlate: Western East Antarctica, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_UPLE_I/8702f2b95ba7ec0bf570094b17b18cad.webpGlacial Islands, Volcanic Outposts, and Southern Ocean FrontsPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_UPLE_II/8fb7be811c67ab55938e90a83b89a1e5.webpGlacial Islands, Volcanic Arcs, and the Human-Free Southern OceanPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_EHOL/9e9cfea2e250dbed00d95d4497a82551.webpWesterly Winds, Retreating Ice, and the Unpeopled Oceanic South.Plate: Southern South Atlantic, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_MHOL_MQZ4rAM/f94bd316a1d2e061685966cfb77d81da.webpVolcanic Islands, Retreating Ice, and Divergent Southern Ocean EcosystemsPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_LHOL_Ew87DQn/ecb3e3778b5900355666c589a430bd46.webpSubantarctic Islands, Glacial Coasts, and Southern Ocean LifePlate: Southern South Atlantic, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_EANT/0ec011175d60b58953a85bc62c08f302.webpLate-Holocene Variability on Storm-Lashed IslesPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_AANT/d1a2068bf15aba832716af94926ce23c.webpIce-Edge Ecosystems and Expanding Oceanic ColoniesPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_LANT/649488e82991b7668d159cc06a5c80b2.webpIntegrated Marine Ecosystems and Ecological ContinuityPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_EMEDL/9508c465476616d848d6497e568f0cc3.webpFully Mature Southern Ocean Colony LandscapesPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_EMEDU/15cabe95b518b0571fc3f3df0af98392.webpLatitudinal Ecologies beyond Human KnowledgePlate: Southern South Atlantic, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_HML/9446b79f36d7c8fdae7fe9bef1b827f4.webpNutrient Corridors between Ocean, Colony, and PeatPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_HMU/7e9729dbec62f4324ca5358f039ee108.webpVolcanic, Glacial, and Storm-Driven Habitat MosaicsPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_LML/302a6780b1c0db92e8e7d1c23b3a3d61.webpCooling Seas and the Redistribution of ColoniesPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_LMU/128a76f07cb9d0f0926c58123be5c997.webpTristan Enters the Charted AtlanticPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_EMOD/5e475e460047e67abb796aa79a25a94f.webpSporadic Reconnaissance and the First Verified Southern LandfallsPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_HMOD/da3067a3bd8eeba128a7700983dcc8de.webpDiscovery, Sealing Frontiers, and the Founding of TristanPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_LMOD/3836b54a4b589c1869f6f7b2dac81747.webpIsland Community, Industrial Whaling, and Permanent SciencePlate: Southern South Atlantic, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-south-atlantic/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_South_Atlantic_REC/3eff6bcc2b3ec065c89d2b4d19e64d57.webpConservation Networks, Regulated Seas, and Ecological RecoveryPlate: Southern South Atlantic, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_UPLE_I/2e84e9882f715822c83bf6df3f5269dd.webpAtlantic Volcanoes, Trade Winds, and Seabird RefugiaPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_UPLE_II/b393001734d7436acce1c35aaae6e734.webpVolcanic Islands, Changing Seas, and the Human-Free Tropical AtlanticPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_EHOL/69471e29bc93482d4a571aef024d422a.webpEndemic Forests, Volcanic Barrens, and the Unpeopled Mid-Ocean Islands.Plate: Northern South Atlantic, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_MHOL_qPaIsJP/49c8d3ff2d3ce107056d377b4a4a56ad.webpSaint Helena Forests, Ascension Lava, and Human-Free Oceanic IslandsPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_LHOL_HLEPmSj/e69d0769294cf5f4512d9ade7e6b0b19.webpOceanic Islands, Cloud Forests, and Seabird WorldsPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_EANT/547af53278f280b55a2edb4345063f89.webpLate-Holocene OscillationsPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_AANT/63f4557bd9c6af565aaefcf0d9c88ad8.webpArchaic AntiquityPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_CANT/4a58d7647c5bb52da2c530078c00f031.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_LANT/931be7461da4916c27705ebecf18a81c.webpLate AntiquityPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_EMEDL/372e6d755df7129d63eb6efea1fe9cd3.webpEarly MedievalPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_EMEDU/6da88691753c0ebb8139bfbb6c1065fd.webpVolcanic Refugia in an Empty OceanPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_HML/b1a08f3e336c72677052985f7ec4eb16.webpOceanic Refugia and Mature Pelagic NetworksPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_HMU/d7d2533b816834bdc722b30fc4bf578d.webpClimatic Variability within Pristine Island SystemsPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_LML/7c0c52b0eb7989a7a6db97e1f7269293.webpStable Isolation and Mature RefugiaPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_LMU/04af3b434d2cd69618079b1a28b53e55.webpDiscovery, First Landfalls, and the End of IsolationPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_EMOD/7616ab2fb5e64be7ce39bacf4f311b39.webpProvisioning, Company Settlement, and the First Colonial LandscapePlate: Northern South Atlantic, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_HMOD/4a93a6468966301eb56cb8b139507a2e.webpCompany Colony, Imperial Security, and the Ascension GarrisonPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_LMOD_qtKFzfK/8ef995700f19695a81105aa7ba9bc7eb.webpFrom Maritime Colony to Cable, Air, and Tracking OutpostsPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-south-atlantic/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Atlantic_REC/b0b094720d56d74c006f8bfb695f21fe.webpAir Links, Strategic Continuity, and Ecological RestorationPlate: Northern South Atlantic, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_UPLE_I/abed12a4ab6c99652fcebf02172e0a74.webpShifting Wetlands, Etosha Waters, and the Desert beside the Benguela SeaPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_UPLE_II/794a264064a22509a8ea67c8c3d92d8a.webpDesert Margins, Wetland Refugia, and the Reorganization of the Kalahari NorthPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_EHOL/13f778b0ec1a938c2fed1e6e7bf36403.webpInland Floods, Shallow Pans, and the Desert beside the Wetlands.Plate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_MHOL_6D0oSkI/dc24f9dc961c21aea5793564a915b23c.webpFloodplain Foragers, Saline Basins, and Fog-Coast WorldsPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_LHOL_ZCUeeX8/e62e0c6c82582def0be9aff38c42ea75.webpWetlands, Seasonal Waters, and Northern Namib ForagersPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_EANT/c8ea8cfbbebc14b1eab84b00aef66dfc.webpPastoral Intensification and Proto-Chieftaincy Along the WetlandsPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_AANT_Aqudc6j/f05540283c82a6676751ecff65564f09.webpArchaic AntiquityPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_CANT/5a2580bbcb747b886f57afe73c4d85ea.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_LANT/4779135019edeef947426036ed65a560.webpLate AntiquityPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_EMEDU/25cf0add09e0329f2fdf9d4fe93125e4.webpWetland Frontiers and Dispersed Productive LandscapesPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_HML/e75d956b394a37dc749ee36726f78c08.webpDurable Wetland-Margin Communities and Mixed Food ProductionPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_HMU/e56c31c3cd3b7f1da1007ad3903fd39c.webpConnected Wetland Corridors and Expanding Local ExchangePlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_LML/5b6909dae25b22f7b96ac289efd2cd0d.webpWetland Refuges and Flexible Communities under Increasing VariabilityPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_LMU/bdc43629f40163a2ed53a644d15507d1.webpMature Wetland Communities and Stronger Local CoordinationPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_EMOD/1baf2e9c2146db581855bcd1bf40edff.webpRiverine Polities, Cattle Wealth, and Widening ExchangePlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_LMOD_GxyAXhP/fb942ee09f91e6bb6d7428a421c73fce.webpCattle Frontiers, Colonial ConquestPlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/tropical-west-southern-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_REC/188008f64875f63a0ac5d63e5e26595b.webpIndependence, Conservation Economies, Wetland Governance, and Climate PressurePlate: Tropical West Southern Africa, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_UPLE_I/2ee28eebc2fc395bce7dbdf37fe5b801.webpForest–Savanna Mosaics, Great Rivers, and Human Continuity in MIS 3Plate: Middle Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_UPLE_II/3037483d37983a4520fc90bbb815dfc8.webpForest Refugia, Great Rivers, and the Reorganization of Equatorial AfricaPlate: Middle Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EHOL/6a7c8c645f5f652d364006440f82eaa3.webpMega-Chad Waters, Expanding Rainforests, and the Great Equatorial Rivers.Plate: Middle Africa, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_MHOL_nsK3I2E/019667237a15929fd2d7280d31d0d4a5.webpMega-Chad Waters, Congo Forests, and Diverse Forager WorldsPlate: Middle Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LHOL_gATxWuE/4b13e195fe20c9ae9d2edc7ddeb24bfa.webpLake Chad, Forest Foragers, and the Grassfields ThresholdPlate: Middle Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_EANT_pxDKcfB/f23c6b8ae76132f3395db6873fc5b07f.webpBantu Dispersals and MetallurgyPlate: Middle Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_AANT/5ecdc9c6381fe19a1e69ee0e467bf00a.webpArchaic AntiquityPlate: Middle Africa, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_CANT/983828824a4875ee1e2dc651ac93757c.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Middle Africa, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LANT/1206ce1d16e03adf8cf7e89531ed3372.webpLate AntiquityPlate: Middle Africa, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EMEDL/4095677a98b641afefb987ec4673a484.webpEarly Medieval (Lower)Plate: Middle Africa, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EMEDU/954561222ae4a06bc4fe788cfbe4f482.webpSavanna Economies, and the Lake Chad CrossroadsPlate: Middle Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_HML/d7ef9892aef08c0fccf9ad6fb5972eb4.webpExpanding Exchange, Riverine Coordination, and the Emergence of KanemPlate: Middle Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_HMU/c0c23e22c2a716cdc4de675d449d3dd8.webpKanem Consolidation, Expanding River Networks, and Regional ChieftainciesPlate: Middle Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LML/f2b55eab27facb58449219b73d861e44.webpKanem’s Crisis, Emerging Kongo, and the Consolidation of Regional AuthorityPlate: Middle Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LMU/98bb904443088235077069562ab4cd74.webpKongo Ascendant, Borno Reconstituted, and the Opening AtlanticPlate: Middle Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EMOD/b0815169b305ead6fdfb81161f436d21.webpAngola Wars, and the Growth of Interior StatesPlate: Middle Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_HMOD/75083bc22381b355a0d2606038549830.webpLunda Expansion, Kongo Fragmentation, and the Height of the Atlantic Slave TradePlate: Middle Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LMOD/0dcc4a4fa1527292aba34f71883467c3.webpAbolition, Colonial Conquest, Extraction, and DecolonizationPlate: Middle Africa, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_REC/3531ed97924bb844357ae14336186730.webpPostcolonial States, Resource Economies, Urban Expansion, and Forest ConservationPlate: Middle Africa, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/middle-africa/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_UPLE_I/cc18b8a64995d5ad689cc5f18c1ff4c3.webpSahelian Oscillations, River Refugia, and Diverse Human Traditions of MIS 3Plate: West Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_UPLE_II/a05f254f2c0c420c37180db99d2b9163.webpArid Frontiers, River Refugia, and the Return of the West African RainsPlate: West Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_EHO/72af866f77cd8789d9ee4441dc9473fc.webpPottery Foragers, Green-Sahel Lakes, and the Forested Southern Belt.Plate: West Africa, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_MHOL_Yk593Xh/ad761f907e063e6aa78bbd79bc25f083.webpHumid Savannas, Pottery-Bearing Foragers, and Early Plant ManagementPlate: West Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_LHOL_0EMJhWv/6906f83a615474cf060c0226f93de775.webpPastoral Frontiers, Niger Fisheries, and the Threshold of Millet FarmingPlate: West Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_EANT/3035dd1586c557a449df6104868eb58a.webpFarming Villages and MetallurgyPlate: West Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EMEDL_JSY1Gwl/9853e1020894ceac5cc4799904b613ce.webpEarly MedievalPlate: West Africa, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_EMEDU/a01cd61ef322d219555cf874449799e2.webpGhana’s Ascendancy, River Markets, and Sahelian ExchangePlate: West Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_HML/a624a9d375e851fadae83c4491c9b087.webpGhana’s High Age, Islamic Networks, and Sahelian Market TownsPlate: West Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_HML_MDEbDpC/d9e5d849551145a98d4c6d0cca36ea5c.webpGhana’s Decline, Mali’s Emergence, and the Reorganization of the Upper NigerPlate: West Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_HML_m6PXSja/696c347511e98b1cda116eb9e0156b06.webpMali’s Golden Age, Niger Cities, and Expanding Regional StatesPlate: West Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_HMOD/16467de7bbe49f38d3cf8cd55a2618fb.webpAtlantic Intensification, Asante and Oyo, the Sokoto Revolution, and the Beginnings of AbolitionPlate: West Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_LMOD/7d452f4deec747ce0907036da80724f7.webpCommercial Agriculture, Colonial Rule, Railways, Nationalism, and IndependencePlate: West Africa, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_REC/7368830c8bf1faefcc32cb370aa0bc0a.webpUrban Expansion, Regional Integration, Oil Economies, Environmental Stress, and Digital ConnectivityPlate: West Africa, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_UPLE_I_/f1f5e12e3d60129333c522d7d7d0ca9f.webpRift Lakes, Highland Refugia, and the Changing Stone-Age Worlds of MIS 3Plate: Interior East Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_UPLE_II/a972483f68127a5df113a3f7014340c6.webpHighland Refugia, Rift Lakes, and the Return of the African RainsPlate: Interior East Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_EHOL/cacd8fdff48640089385fb70529f4ee6.webpHigh Rift Lakes, Aquatic Foragers, and the Wet Landscapes of the African Interior.Plate: Interior East Africa, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_MHOL_nUbdwxv/69ca2abe75e1fff245ce0214ded47ec8.webpGreat Lakes, Highland Foragers, and Aquatic WorldsPlate: Interior East Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_LHOL_yQ4bAPR/c9357828419a735be02ebbd05dc71796.webpLakes, Foragers, and the First Herding FrontiersPlate: Interior East Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_EANT/1b1eb5dc957e2888022d15ca97aa6320.webpAgro-Pastoral Expansion and Regional NetworksPlate: Interior East Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_AANTI/64172679bc18691ab43df31a5af267be.webpIronworking, Highland Farming, and Expanding Rift CommunitiesPlate: Interior East Africa, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_AANTII/4171bf0a2dc5f332fa99b1687dc1bd28.webpHighland Kingdoms, Red Sea Exchange, and the Rise of DaʿamatPlate: Interior East Africa, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_AANTIII/772a89f3dc2fdb82b29be6b0aedca8ce.webpOna Communities, Highland Exchange, and Pre-Aksumite FoundationsPlate: Interior East Africa, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_CANTI/eaafbae82f7c82fea9ee140ba15b15f4.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Interior East Africa, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_CANTII/c5c1297e01d9b2faae1ea17c72d983bc.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Interior East Africa, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_CANTIII/82e162c431a84cd6a80cbbbf829a98f1.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Interior East Africa, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_CANTIV/3655a00ba22e4d909a041e802e086510.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Interior East Africa, 45 CE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_CANTV/ff9252048c7e46706e6e389b9db58e42.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Interior East Africa, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_LANTI/aa62c1b6dd00057c0b41d4f6a3470d3b.webpLate AntiquityPlate: Interior East Africa, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_LANTII/1619db1a6b03bd039fb41390cb9944dd.webpLate AntiquityPlate: Interior East Africa, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_LANTIII/e4e30a1b1c1718d8459d8752f8942aea.webpLate AntiquityPlate: Interior East Africa, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_EMEDL/d0cefded2221769ec80af1af1358329d.webpEarly MedievalPlate: Interior East Africa, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_EMEDU/f7097addd36d6bba2e4be690947786e0.webpProductive Landscapes and Post-Aksumite Christian ContinuityPlate: Interior East Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_HML/2737fd7a74a8a35119fa51c4c4d4f7e1.webpRegional Aggregation and Emerging Highland PowerPlate: Interior East Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_HMU/777a3952de59d4a52e6c81add33c02db.webpZagwe Consolidation and Differentiated Inland PolitiesPlate: Interior East Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_LML/6f416cd8801ad89f697024e3e7cbade7.webpSolomonic Restoration and Emerging Territorial StatesPlate: Interior East Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_LMU/bb8de6f44e0d261c846a281ce7abe401.webpTerritorial Competition, Sacred States, and Specialized LandscapesPlate: Interior East Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_EMOD/e3d5f7037dc3d4cd4d4a18ff3764cede.webpOromo Expansion, Highland Reconstruction, and Great Lakes StatecraftPlate: Interior East Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_HMOD/ff8d3bca53ffb00e40593c9778fad9ff.webpMature Monarchies and Widening Commercial CorridorsPlate: Interior East Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Interior_East_Africa_REC/eede546c4d2b783eaa048da8da14c2a3.webpPostcolonial States, Reconstruction, Infrastructure, and Environmental PressurePlate: Interior East Africa, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/interior-east-africa/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_UPLE_I/ef5b99b2cf6a0c060ddafb8396817efc.webpNile Lifeline, Levantine Encounters, and Red Sea RefugiaPlate: Near East, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_UPLE_II/5a7f54b4a8303a84316d7ca162125a49.webpNile Refugia, Levantine Sedentism, and the First Cultivation CommunitiesPlate: Near East, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_EHOL/ca9f977a91b72c79919c54b0191d9ede.webpFarming Villages, Pottery Fishers, and the Uneven Worlds of the Early Holocene.Plate: Near East, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_MHOL/bb3412c4dbcb9742c75f312c206fb9e9.webpWestern Anatolian Farmers, Nile Transformations, and Arabian Pastoral MarginsPlate: Near East, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_LHOL_7kjArb1/660b14597d53c189ae645c3d79800e7d.webpRed Sea NetworksPlate: Near East, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-4365--4222/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-4221--4078/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-4077--3934/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-3933--3790/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-3789--3646/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-3645--3502/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-3501--3358/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-3357--3214/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-3213--3070/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-3069--2926/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-2925--2782/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-2781--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_EANT/8cbb1ec877c9ecd0ad986241928c57fd.webpDelta Kingdoms, Aegean City-Coasts, Arabian Caravan SeedsPlate: Near East, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-2637--2494/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-2493--2350/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-2349--2206/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-2205--2062/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-2061--1918/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-1917--1774/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-1629--1486/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-1485--1342/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-1341--1198/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-1197--1054/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_AANTI/b1083c866371a5ce8c296bafece87ebf.webpConsolidation, Conflict, and Cultural FlourishingPlate: Near East, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-909--898/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-897--886/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-885--874/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-873--862/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-861--850/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-849--838/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-837--826/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-825--814/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-813--802/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-801--790/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-789--778/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-777--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_AANTII/5ad18adaa0130adfb1bf2371366d7846.webpRise, Reform, and Regional ShiftsPlate: Near East, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-765--754/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-753--742/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-741--730/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-729--718/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-717--706/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-705--694/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-693--682/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-681--670/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-669--658/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-657--646/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-645--634/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-633--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_AANTIII/de4bc1b45a70269e255edd8308d79681.webpTransformation, Conquest, and Cultural RenewalPlate: Near East, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-621--610/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-609--598/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-597--586/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-585--574/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-573--562/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-561--550/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-549--538/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-537--526/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-525--514/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-513--502/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-501--490/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-489--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_CANTI_PaWMYJX/2821912c1faaae069ce73f49ca246e30.webpCultural Shifts, Religious Developments, and Persian InfluencePlate: Near East, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-477--466/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-453--442/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-441--430/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-429--418/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-417--406/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-405--394/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-393--382/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-381--370/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-369--358/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-357--346/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-345--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_CANTII/3360f144c997730d46c759236436e306.webpHellenistic Conquests and Cultural TransformationsPlate: Near East, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-333--322/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-321--310/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-309--298/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-297--286/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-285--274/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-273--262/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-261--250/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-249--238/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-237--226/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-225--214/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-213--202/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_CANTIII/d07c413ea2944de496c1ef1ef0c3a72c.webpRoman Expansion, Jewish Struggles, and Cultural FlourishingPlate: Near East, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-189--178/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-177--166/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-165--154/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-153--142/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-141--130/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-129--118/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-117--106/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-105--94/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-93--82/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-81--70/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-69--58/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-57--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_CANTV/0259a526d320a89f730a604343711fe6.webpTransition and Turmoil under Roman DominancePlate: Near East, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-45--34/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-33--22/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-21--10/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/-9-3/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/4-15/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/16-27/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/40-51/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/52-63/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/64-75/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/76-87/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/88-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_CANTV_JOgX2AX/0896aee0b6cdb31c3975562ad3618d61.webpChristianity, Roman Administration, and Jewish ResiliencePlate: Near East, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/100-111/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/112-123/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/124-135/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/136-147/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/148-159/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/160-171/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/172-183/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/184-195/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/196-207/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/208-219/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/220-231/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/232-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_LANTI/0873b724f9e000fa4998c8c2f4ae99e1.webpChristianity, Imperial Reforms, and Cultural ShiftsPlate: Near East, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_LANTII/95d290fdb02141230ea316701b28d143.webpReligious and Political TransitionsPlate: Near East, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_LANTIII/6318e0c2f2e8b6b6a5714ff4e69eb731.webpRise and Expansion of IslamPlate: Near East, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/532-543/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/544-555/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/556-567/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/568-579/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/580-591/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/592-603/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/604-615/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/616-627/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/628-639/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/640-651/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/652-663/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_EMEDL/a5186d6e8874d8c42c1cddbd220f9ec6.webpIslamic Consolidation, Arabization, and an Integrated Near Eastern LandscapePlate: Near East, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_EMEDU/3f7a9bed0a466f93784e7d2342ffa1fa.webpNile Agriculture, Red Sea Exchange, and Regional AutonomyPlate: Near East, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_HML/e743a96ca86803f02dededf8f0838cfd.webpIslamic FrontierPlate: Near East, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_HMU/723a403d98ec023dc0ef468e8272fa84.webpAyyubid Egypt, Crusader Ports, Rasulid Yemen, and Cross-Frontier ExchangePlate: Near East, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_LML/e86d8d26c2fcb016a7883b21e019a68a.webpMamluk Integration, Red Sea Commerce, and the Transformation of Regional FrontiersPlate: Near East, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_LMU/f9bf44e21b601dda3880cdd92addad7b.webpMamluk Networks, Ottoman Expansion, Red Sea Rivalry, and New Regional StatesPlate: Near East, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_EMOD/2817bdac98ee3b050dbcba9b6b95362a.webpOttoman Provinces, Red Sea Commerce, Pilgrimage Networks, and Provincial PowerPlate: Near East, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_HMOD/c4ad31656f2ab06655a75a119989fb64.webpSaudi Expansion, and Egyptian ReformPlate: Near East, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_LMOD_YlvkMWF/2ecc7a05e727a1399c215ca79c69b1cf.webpCanals, Colonial Rule, National States, and the Reorganization of Land and WaterPlate: Near East, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/near-east/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/The_Near_East_REC/d31bf2cbc8328a07b5b3f6273de8b881.webpOil-Era Infrastructure, Urban Expansion, Conflict, and Water StressPlate: Near East, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_UPLE_I/639c021cdb72f5d9f4c96c020fa21e2c.webpAdriatic Plains, Karst Refugia, and the Balkan Human TransitionPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_UPLE_II/f0d140d6110161205c2f5a9d12345b68.webpBalkan Refugia, Drowned Adriatic Plains, and the Return of the ForestPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_EHOL/8ca6bfe4a99e3faead701dc075acdf9a.webpAegean Farmers, Adriatic Foragers, and the Advancing Neolithic Frontier.Plate: Western Southeast Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_MHOL_V5jrM3R/48f4c1ee317256fef6e5ede585dee239.webpFarming Frontiers, Adriatic Villages, and the Diversifying Balkan NeolithicPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_LHOL_zEC0lFC/e7d83ae25d5f3f946c416843ab612bf6.webpAdriatic Farming, Inland Balkan Communities, and Early Bronze Age GreecePlate: Western Southeast Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_EANT/c0da8f2df6fb4a8c4e33cf20df4bfd78.webpCetina Maritime, Vučedol, and Illyrian/Dalmatian HorizonsPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-909-478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_AANT/a04e5e9ba09724b0d2eaff8fbb1a0bf5.webpIllyrian Highlands and the Opening of the AdriaticPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 909 BCE to 478 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_CANT/631930237e7a2b6f1dc11a1a44fc4bbe.webpRoman Integration of the Adriatic FrontierPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_LANT/2a732716a7660667d9fc1a90240c68c3.webpImperial Transformation and New Agricultural LandscapesPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_EMEDU/b604b325d37d922cf289992e4087b381.webpByzantine Recovery, Croatian Consolidation, and Christianizing FrontiersPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_HML/64561ff4f3f2cd32b965181c02d28315.webpByzantine Corridor Control, Croatian Kingship, and Adriatic ExchangePlate: Western Southeast Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_HMU/a264f787a1a8d077542dac3800eb2b7a.webpNemanjić Serbia, Bosnian Autonomy, and Adriatic CommunesPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_LML/9cfe90e3e91d1f963e9a768318bc9ace.webpSerbian and Bosnian Power, Silver Roads, and Adriatic BrokeragePlate: Western Southeast Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_LMU/dcd74ee0f286a5bcef2bdf4007c08d7a.webpOttoman Expansion, Venetian Shores, and Surviving Mountain WorldsPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_EMOD/c7e36d03f342da19fea206ccc652fc48.webpOttoman Heartlands, Habsburg Frontiers, and Venetian SeasPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_HMOD/f4028786304a432592a389c2fd15ceb6.webpImperial Contraction, Commercial Networks, and Revolutionary MobilizationPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_LMOD/b28dc6a0409574208e54d7721b13c9ba.webpNation-States, Railways, Industrialization, War, and Socialist ReconstructionPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-southeast-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_REC/74cde78ed818aee313a21b827661ef6a.webpPost-Socialist Reordering, Tourism, Migration, and Uneven European IntegrationPlate: Western Southeast Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_UPLE_I/bc6cbf90e38e1b9f66464092f215ac14.webpAlpine Ice, Foreland Corridors, and Upper Paleolithic RefugiaPlate: South Central Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_UPLE_II/a9294c46f9f75fec3815736644fe266a.webpAlpine Ice, Deglacial Recolonization, and the Return of Forest and LakePlate: South Central Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_EHOL_qFXgbfb/af6a383891ff91820ad32acc33519412.webpForest Lakes, Alpine Foragers, and the Unstable Postglacial Mountains.Plate: South Central Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_MHOL_HUBGn2R/8b510cebbdfdba15a4d9b838522dc259.webpAlpine Farmers, Valley Settlements, and High-Pass MobilityPlate: South Central Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_LHOL_QEhoXca/0f27b2c97ca525731d9f1960d000f93f.webpLakeshore Villages, Alpine Corridors, and Emerging Copper NetworksPlate: South Central Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_EANT_UfK5vdQ/69b5aa4cfa8a66d0b297fc75985cc764.webpTumulus, Urnfield, and Alpine Hallstatt SeedsPlate: South Central Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_AANT/f551309d1dee7f7980be57857970dbbf.webpHallstatt Highlands and the First Alpine Exchange NetworksPlate: South Central Europe, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_CANT/881fd7131eed5ce30aa2020f2038c247.webpRoman Organization of the Alpine CorridorPlate: South Central Europe, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_LANT/4114a8457ad4523aa329c414e1cf71fe.webpInherited Passes and Regional TransformationPlate: South Central Europe, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_EMEDU/7ef7b3fc1994cbcdbdad5c9f25bddaf5.webpAlpine Marches, Episcopal Corridors, and Monastic FoundationsPlate: South Central Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_HML/0c0583964b2e242d17e6961065c08dcc.webpAlpine Toll Economies, Monastic Hospitality, and Imperial LeveragePlate: South Central Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_HMU/7c50f236a09a0b02ee962d87b0b79f74.webpAlpine Crossroads, Feudal Lordships, and Emerging CommunesPlate: South Central Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_LML/77857d99d64a4dab08e8bffc793dec6f.webpConfederation Building, City Networks, and Intensified Alpine TradePlate: South Central Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_LMU/f99fa253938651b76c49f8f3cdb8e1d7.webpConfederate Expansion, Habsburg Power, and ReformationPlate: South Central Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_EMOD/1345939b287dbbdcc2d7327c9eb3e875.webpReformation, Counter-Reformation, and Social Conflict in the Alpine WorldPlate: South Central Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_HMOD/f4eaddf2ce0a301b349f4b424cca2099.webpLate Baroque Society, Enlightenment Currents, and Napoleonic ReshapingPlate: South Central Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_LMOD/30537580b8318610e4c9a32dc1ab1416.webpRailways, Neutral States, Hydropower, and Mass TourismPlate: South Central Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_Central_Europe_REC/93ba230869feeb87480a295d41fb0e92.webpAlpine Integration, Global Services, and Climate AdaptationPlate: South Central Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-central-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_UPLE_I_pi1WX5V/4e6427779b989ac5f76b263b49f8cd51.webpRhône Gateway, Mediterranean Refugia, and the Neanderthal–Modern Human TransitionPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_UPLE_II/bed4dddea4cd53907f0b7205e5b7d3d7.webpMediterranean Refugia, Rhône Corridors, and the Return of the ForestPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_EHOL/b8e08c79417e46da610d0c0d70b93819.webpDrowned Coasts, Castelnovian Foragers, and the Forested Western Mediterranean.Plate: Mediterranean West Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_MHOL_Pl8UxS7/7548d04ec287334a81f3ef8d5b90cf43.webpMaritime Farmers, Cardial Coasts, and Expanding Neolithic LandscapesPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_LHOL_gD5uS1s/1cdbc834533d8fc298feb371bd4247ff.webpChasséen Landscapes, Rhône Corridors, and Corsican NetworksPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_EANT/1f9a8fbd78ead60da9eab9a9e05f8ed3.webpCoastal Gateways and Mountain ValleysPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-2637--2494/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-2493--2350/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-2349--2206/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-2205--2062/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-2061--1918/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-1917--1774/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-1773--1630/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-1629--1486/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-1485--1342/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-1341--1198/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-1197--1054/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_AANTI/794834dc35eed1501e71c15fc01e4ede.webpHill Communities, Bronze Networks, and the First Iron LandscapesPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_AANTII/897a027b0c7c11ad00385543f8915b55.webpIronworking, Expanding Exchange, and Regional Hill CommunitiesPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_AANTIII/7aec228986b99f610da0346da0478f5a.webpGreek Maritime Exchange and Indigenous Iron Age LandscapesPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_CANTI/256ea788eb7274d6302b50f479857f24.webpMature Maritime Exchange and the Integration of Greek and Indigenous LandscapesPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_CANTII_1jecKA9/f557bec318950aac8185ed7809a6b5e6.webpHellenistic Commerce and the Mature Rhône Exchange SystemPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_CANTIII/c025e7e61a2a3567da66ec3d9323aea1.webpRoman Provincial Integration and the Rhône Commercial CorridorPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_CANTIV/f8668a852910647b355ebf672f500448.webpProvincial Stability and the Mature Roman LandscapePlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_CANTV/4ff8f8e1cf65cabbbe1a64a0cd2b051d.webpHigh Imperial Prosperity and the Mature Provincial LandscapePlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_LANTI/6dccd1fae178da19791d1515545c532f.webpProvincial Adaptation, Christian Landscapes, and the Resilient Rhône CorridorPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_LANTII/d805ec0cdd38387114e75ccb7ba349d2.webpPost-Imperial Adaptation and the Christian Provincial LandscapePlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_LANTIII/69fe7329617f8e77f570bb54aebc1908.webpRegional Kingdoms, Monastic Landscapes, and the Enduring Rhône CorridorPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_EMEDL/cd0015087fc025aa352cbc65c1aba1d4.webpCarolingian Coordination and the Mature Christian Rhône LandscapePlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_EMEDU/194ba510dac5fd80be262585d4377573.webpMediterranean FrontiersPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_HML/801b6cb7435e6e0263c8af9b22b72d21.webpCluniac Reform, Regional Lordships, and Expanding Mediterranean ExchangePlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_HMU/5dbb4f11e92dd46da86c0a644f6cabc6.webpCathar Languedoc, Albigensian Crusade, and Capetian ExpansionPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_LML/9f633836dcc0c72d89298e2c5f64db21.webpMediterranean FinancePlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_LMU/5ea271c813f99d937a4fda2d887d8fb4.webpRoyal Consolidation, Italian Wars, and Maritime FrontierPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_EMOD/dfa6884affeb8770985484c2dfacdcbc.webpRoyal France, Religious Conflict, and Mediterranean State ConsolidationPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_HMOD/bb1d04110deb9641143a8da6e77e903f.webpCorsican Revolution, French Revolution, and Napoleonic IntegrationPlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_REC/3996c555444c97af297864f37bb4c3da.webpEuropean Integration, Mass Mobility, Conservation, and Climate PressurePlate: Mediterranean West Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-west-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_UPLE_I/9f41aa3b69c660daedc17cf8bca5351b.webpIberian and Italian Refugia, Peninsula Corridors, and Human TurnoverPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_UPLE_II/addfd3e1a691d8e32593611f05400e93.webpSouthern Refugia, Drowned Mediterranean Plains, and the Expansion of Postglacial ForestsPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_EHOL/f2b7d7b46ce19ebd649a3ce9a3fbc1d0.webpMesolithic Shores, Long Sea Crossings, and the Farming Frontier beyond the Horizon.Plate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_MHOL_J61rQH6/e715fea635d129ab3616f9ce200a2890.webpMaritime Farmers, Island Colonization, and Regional Neolithic WorldsPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_LHOL/2ea6bd7c8d8a47650e3b267d1da5fd06.webpIberian Megaliths, Italian Chalcolithic Worlds, and Temple IslandsPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_EANT/02c9dd747e84971835c2f4b839ac9e52.webpCoastal Trade, Mountain Strongholds, and Island SocietiesPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-2637--2494/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-2493--2350/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-2349--2206/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-2061--1918/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-1917--1774/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-1773--1630/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-1485--1342/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-1341--1198/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-1197--1054/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-1053--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_AANTI/aa2c8e887a7f288fd989aaea57147d2a.webpIron Age Communities, Maritime Exchange, and the First Western Mediterranean NetworksPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_AANTII/81a92f397099e7d54a26083302db3c4f.webpGreek Colonization, Etruscan Urbanization, and the Organization of the Western MediterraneanPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-765--754/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-753--742/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-741--730/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-729--718/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-717--706/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-705--694/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-693--682/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-681--670/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-669--658/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-657--646/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-645--634/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-633--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_AANTIII/b599365833fab3a026b54cae7804b692.webpRegional Powers, Urban Consolidation, and Competitive Mediterranean NetworksPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-621--610/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-609--598/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-597--586/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-585--574/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-573--562/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-561--550/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-549--538/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-537--526/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-525--514/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-513--502/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-501--490/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-489--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_CANTI/dc7c4dd6d55fc4f82893f70bf4f133fb.webpRoman Expansion, Regional Integration, and the Reorganization of ItalyPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-477--466/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-465--454/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-453--442/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-441--430/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-429--418/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-417--406/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-405--394/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-393--382/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-381--370/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-369--358/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-357--346/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-345--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_CANTII/991c3778152953356edc2b29af6c87d3.webpMediterranean Integration, Roman Expansion, and the Reorganization of the Western BasinPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-333--322/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-321--310/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-309--298/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-297--286/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-285--274/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-273--262/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-261--250/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-249--238/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-237--226/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-225--214/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-213--202/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-201--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_CANTIII/af3dad9ac42e5079182e68ed8df8e215.webpRepublican Consolidation, Regional Specialization, and the Mature Western MediterraneanPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-189--178/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-177--166/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-165--154/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-153--142/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-141--130/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-129--118/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-117--106/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-105--94/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-93--82/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-81--70/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-69--58/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-57--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_CANTIV/4617af62d8d46c817dc695dc3623cad1.webpImperial Stability, Provincial Prosperity, and the Mature Mediterranean LandscapePlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-45--34/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-33--22/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-21--10/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/-9-3/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/4-15/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/16-27/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/28-39/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/40-51/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/52-63/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/64-75/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/76-87/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/88-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_CANTV/bdb544138e202e59c84f17070bd554e9.webpImperial Maturity, Regional Specialization, and the Zenith of the Roman MediterraneanPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/100-111/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/112-123/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/124-135/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/136-147/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/148-159/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/160-171/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/172-183/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/184-195/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/196-207/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/208-219/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/220-231/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/232-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_LANTI/2e4ffb52fca14492da1e70c2d0effb92.webpImperial Adaptation, Christian Landscapes, and Regional ResiliencePlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/244-255/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/256-267/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/268-279/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/280-291/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/292-303/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/304-315/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/316-327/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/328-339/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/340-351/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/352-363/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/364-375/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/376-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_LANTII/7361e02cb2d8b454fc744a400ae8a437.webpRegional Kingdoms, Christian Institutions, and the Transformation of the Roman LandscapePlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/388-399/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/400-411/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/412-423/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/424-435/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/436-447/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/448-459/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/460-471/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/472-483/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/484-495/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/496-507/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/508-519/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/520-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_LANTIII/77f4f1371c0d9c533d6acd20cd035e8c.webpRegional Kingdoms, Ecclesiastical Landscapes, and the Enduring Roman EnvironmentPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/532-543/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/544-555/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/556-567/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/568-579/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/580-591/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/592-603/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/604-615/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/616-627/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/628-639/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/640-651/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/652-663/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/664-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/676-687/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/688-699/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/700-711/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/712-723/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/724-735/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/736-747/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/748-759/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/772-783/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/808-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_EMEDU_I4PGhel/64d20003f2c381cc1748813e6a943eb4.webpUmayyad Córdoba, Pyrenean Frontiers, and the First Maritime RepublicsPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/820-831/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/832-843/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/844-855/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/856-867/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/868-879/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/880-891/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/892-903/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/904-915/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/916-927/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/928-939/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/940-951/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_HML/c7bf5b118605b14f9eed06b594e7f74a.webpTaifa Iberia, Norman Sicily, and the Rise of the Maritime CommunesPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/964-975/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/976-987/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/988-999/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1000-1011/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1012-1023/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1024-1035/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1036-1047/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1048-1059/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1060-1071/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1072-1083/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1084-1095/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1096-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_HMU/545891651336fa76d6c305eb383fa61d.webpAlmohad Iberia, Aragonese Expansion, and Frederick II’s MediterraneanPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1108-1119/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1120-1131/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1132-1143/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1144-1155/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1156-1167/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1168-1179/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1216-1227/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1228-1239/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1240-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_LML/5117b73201030772353e0f049655a289.webpGenoese Rivalry, and the Black DeathPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1252-1263/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1264-1275/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1276-1287/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1300-1311/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1312-1323/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1324-1335/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1360-1371/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1372-1383/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1384-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_LMU/f1f49d6f6b762d4997da7415c39043eb.webpRenaissance Networks, Iberian Unification, and the Mediterranean–Atlantic HingePlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_EMOD/7408604e3353666b535e0fd461e9155f.webpHabsburg Seas, Baroque Catholicism, and the Fortified MediterraneanPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_LMOD/b7f5446ec2bbf798bcca4c8eb3c5a0fe.webpNations, Railways, Industrial Corridors, Dictatorship, and Mass SocietyPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_Southwest_Europe_REC/c97005ea46dac1de02341d3ff26bc638.webpDemocracy, European Integration, Mass Tourism, and the Climate-Stressed MediterraneanPlate: Mediterranean Southwest Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/mediterranean-southwest-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_UPLE_I/9083a3f9b48378aa65b462b7debc4803.webpMaghreb Refugia, Saharan Pulses, and Human Continuity in MIS 3Plate: North Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_UPLE_II/690abb29df500cde504e7f7e19bbfd9b.webpMaghrebi Refugia, Saharan Aridity, and the Return of the African RainsPlate: North Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_EHOL/3daec252f23e01e64a4d2f938ba7641c.webpHumid Sahara, Capsian Foragers, and the Stored Harvests of Wild Grass.Plate: North Africa, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_MHOL/0ad0042c27c65f476c9e249ae6027da9.webpGreen Sahara Pastoralists, Maghreb Foragers, and the First Moroccan FarmersPlate: North Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LHOL_cq95ScE/3f68fc664e65432398b2f2a6f4be1f2b.webpSaharan Retreat, Pastoral Mobility, and Mediterranean Farming WorldsPlate: North Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_EANT/7169c4a5bf5faa234cce9629c859451b.webpProto-Garamantian Deserts, Coastal Metallurgy, and Mediterranean LinksPlate: North Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_AANTI/43ed2045e4d54df1c343b6983422ceb7.webpPhoenician Expansion, Amazigh Landscapes, and the Emergence of the Western MediterraneanPlate: North Africa, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_AANTII/a480779da9dd231ae33abd319fd73451.webpCarthage, Cyrene, and the Formation of Complementary Maritime FrontiersPlate: North Africa, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_AANTIII/c569462ffb010129fa522d48a508ccb7.webpPunic Maritime Networks, Cyrenaic Prosperity, and the Rise of Saharan Oasis KingdomsPlate: North Africa, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-621--610/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-609--598/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-597--586/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-585--574/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-573--562/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-561--550/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-549--538/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-537--526/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-525--514/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-513--502/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-501--490/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-489--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_CANTI/f0a699d9387f20aacc865ef0f320d1f6.webpTerritorial Kingdoms, Hellenistic Cyrenaica, and the Consolidation of the MaghrebPlate: North Africa, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-477--466/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-453--442/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-441--430/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-429--418/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-417--406/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-405--394/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-393--382/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-381--370/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-369--358/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-357--346/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-345--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_CANTII/c75f34377c32c348b929d797dfee9b65.webpThe Punic Wars, Numidian Ascendancy, and the Reorganization of Mediterranean North AfricaPlate: North Africa, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-333--322/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-321--310/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-309--298/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-297--286/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-273--262/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-249--238/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-237--226/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-225--214/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-213--202/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-201--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_CANTIII/6fca61a8a430ccc24d394ee02c879f9d.webpRoman Provincial Foundations, Numidian Transformation, and the Integration of the MaghrebPlate: North Africa, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-189--178/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-177--166/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-165--154/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-153--142/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-141--130/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-129--118/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-117--106/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-105--94/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-93--82/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-81--70/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-69--58/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-57--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_CANTIV/7bb65115d7a1e41e5b2bfac76bcad6cc.webpAugustan Integration, Provincial Landscapes, and the Flourishing of Roman AfricaPlate: North Africa, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-45--34/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-33--22/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-21--10/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/-9-3/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/4-15/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/16-27/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/28-39/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/40-51/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/52-63/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/64-75/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/76-87/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/88-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_CANTV/62f53c2b35fa9a401a87e09e0a907079.webpThe High Empire, Provincial Maturity, and the Transformation of Roman AfricaPlate: North Africa, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/100-111/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/112-123/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/124-135/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/136-147/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/148-159/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/160-171/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/172-183/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/184-195/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/196-207/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/208-219/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/220-231/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/232-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LANTI_vPapyVo/25e2c7b932cfd45c600c0011a001ae6a.webpImperial Reorganization, Christian Transformation, and the Resilient Landscapes of Roman AfricaPlate: North Africa, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/244-255/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/268-279/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/280-291/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/292-303/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/304-315/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/316-327/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/328-339/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/340-351/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/352-363/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/364-375/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/376-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LANTII_a2GKHC5/0283a79301c06e1a6274992e1cf7404e.webpThe End of Roman Africa, Vandal Rule, and the Persistence of Regional LandscapesPlate: North Africa, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/388-399/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/400-411/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/412-423/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/424-435/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/436-447/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/448-459/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/460-471/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/472-483/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/484-495/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/496-507/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/508-519/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/520-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LANTIII/1a7fda60b805ed1fdc715cc9c12a0aca.webpByzantine Restoration, Amazigh Kingdoms, and the First Islamic FrontierPlate: North Africa, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/532-543/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/544-555/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/556-567/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/568-579/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/580-591/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/592-603/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/604-615/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/616-627/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/628-639/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/640-651/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/652-663/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/664-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_EMEDL/8fa74033367512ac87c4c762525ac5a8.webpEarly Medieval: Islamic North Africa, Amazigh Dynasties, and the Reorientation of the MaghrebPlate: North Africa, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/676-687/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/688-699/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/700-711/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/712-723/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/724-735/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/736-747/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/748-759/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/760-771/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/772-783/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/784-795/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/796-807/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/808-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_EMEDU/b36577389db36bce50fc86f1347683d8.webpSahara HingePlate: North Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/820-831/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/832-843/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/844-855/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/856-867/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/868-879/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/880-891/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/904-915/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/916-927/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/928-939/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/940-951/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/952-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_HML/3f315f888da06a2f5fff464f8a20d149.webpZirids and Hammadids, Hilalian Migration, and Almoravid IntegrationPlate: North Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_HMU/f1ba4914652d4735c92d99a9b70f3c4a.webpAlmohad Unification, Mediterranean Competition, and the Birth of Successor StatesPlate: North Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LML/d9813e40723e4452763546197dc4d04c.webpMarinid, Zayyanid, and Hafsid Rivalry in an Interconnected MaghrebPlate: North Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LMU/6aecce98408f217e175fd77a68bb48cd.webpAndalusi Migration, Iberian Coastal Expansion, Saadian Emergence, and Ottoman EntryPlate: North Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_EMOD/4c3f236104c416c46a66beb339a22a2f.webpOttoman Regencies, Saadian and Early Alaouite Morocco, and the Gunpowder MediterraneanPlate: North Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_HMOD/3812fcebcd124195c89d216799f4597d.webpAlaouite Consolidation, Autonomous Regencies, Atlantic Commerce, and European Naval AscendancyPlate: North Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LMOD/af7dae7b967a8ff8b45495f7ebdf2330.webpColonial Conquest, Settler Economies, Resistance, World War, and National IndependencePlate: North Africa, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_REC/71b25555d061f93801e9118bb2d93d7f.webpPostcolonial States, Western Sahara, Hydrocarbon Economies, Urbanization, and Water StressPlate: North Africa, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/north-africa/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_UPLE_I/2f14c6ea527984f9164a0d1f7d734fee.webpCanary Cloud Forests, Cape Verde Volcanoes, and Atlantic IsolationPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_UPLE_II/a078aac26ad7253fb2ee0ccce28f93d2.webpVolcanic Islands, Trade-Wind Refugia, and the Human-Free Eastern AtlanticPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_EHOL/e6adb67266d66e9c7eb1b5957761879e.webpVolcanic Islands, Trade-Wind Woodlands, and the Unpeopled Eastern Atlantic.Plate: Southern Macaronesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_MHOL_woVyckC/3abc119a02bdb9f1a00181a370cc8eb5.webpCloud-Forest Canaries, Arid Cape Verde, and Human-Free Atlantic IslandsPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_LHOL_cPgi0AA/57aaa47858f4d8f6b3ba510557c6e26e.webpVolcanic Islands, Laurel Forests, and an Unpeopled AtlanticPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_EANT/da7dd6ca5939cf61e454948f80565174.webpGuanche–Amazigh Voyaging to the Canaries; Cape Verde Still EmptyPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_AANT/f9e7a669cc5c25fc479aa4ca395006af.webpArchaic Antiquity: Uninhabited Volcanic Islands and Atlantic EcosystemsPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_CANT/aaf1f65697ed4c39b263254bab41f39b.webpClassical Antiquity: Amazigh Colonization and the Foundations of Island SocietyPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_LANT/18957242dd1aa098d06a167778bda363.webpLate Antiquity: Expansion of Chiefdoms and the Maturation of Island LandscapesPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_EMEDL/82e6a7fe4d89ec6f625766a1f55a8170.webpEarly Medieval: Mature Chiefdoms and Enduring Island ResiliencePlate: Southern Macaronesia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_HML/1db4d96ba5a93b1b0eeb7075a2cf210f.webpDeepening Insular DifferentiationPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_HMU/b8982a217decb02e7aabcaf1d422d097.webpMature Indigenous Productive LandscapesPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_LMU/67537ada5ff08fd6b70eaa7dcb5013e1.webpConquest, Settlement, and the Opening of the AtlanticPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_EMOD/818696a0abc264853deca9971ec0e3bc.webpWine, Creole Society, and Atlantic BrokeragePlate: Southern Macaronesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_HMOD/3b6df4a8ea65479ecc4a973d90eba920.webpProvisioning, Drought, and Expanding MigrationPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_LMOD/b42b4b24c29adf53f821bdfc40755d38.webpSteam Corridors, Export Agriculture, and DiasporaPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-macaronesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_Macaronesia_REC/bb311a7ea604eafab7a79e3c09446051.webpIndependence, Mass Tourism, and Water-Constrained ModernityPlate: Southern Macaronesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_UPLE_I/4e1069cd169ff4d335f9ab566eaebc13.webpAtlantic Volcanoes, Laurel Refugia, and Oceanic EndemismPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_UPLE_II/4eff55737db6d51edeb1a6976c11c246.webpAtlantic Volcanoes, Cloud-Forest Refugia, and the Human-Free Oceanic IslandsPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_EHOL/59b07ab715abba9c6f2e803db4909787.webpLaurel Forests, Volcanic Highlands, and the Unpeopled North Atlantic Islands.Plate: Northern Macaronesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_MHOL_984WmGB/dbac35caa941661eb2a6aea87aff4798.webpAtlantic Forests, Volcanic Islands, and Human-Free Oceanic RefugesPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_LHOL_MSMg0CI/f2cb5795d66beb2473be4a735c0a799b.webpOceanic Forests, Volcanic Islands, and an Unpeopled AtlanticPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_EANT/b70271d02292b61cd7d017c9d5124a51.webpAtlantic Outliers Beyond Known WorldsPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_AANT/08631c5b0d1d3cebb6d86100e662477f.webpPristine Atlantic Archipelagos Beyond the Limits of NavigationPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_CANT/a2abad47530ec2ead44657c5f9ee833f.webpImagined Islands Beyond the Atlantic FrontierPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_LANT/7a8b7806f5426f8533f38d12bc3d46ae.webpEcological Continuity Amid Changing Atlantic WorldsPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_EMEDL/e8e35e8d966773c710b78318f7adfd03.webpUntouched Atlantic Landscapes Before DiscoveryPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_EMEDU/fc18d1fb2c8c6b83dc075f0ba54fc6b4.webpOceanic Refugia and the Question of Early Azorean PresencePlate: Northern Macaronesia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_HML/e1ddf30b3f66d7936d19b07c917757fe.webpStorm Islands Beyond Documented Maritime NetworksPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_HMU/0f27474c6b8f09114ad29a2e42ac436d.webpForested Atlantic Islands at the Margin of ExpansionPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_LML/df1dd11c0b45f3e535978930372a474f.webpAtlantic Islands on the Eve of Recorded DiscoveryPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_LMU/3b36a996d4448654bd8b2842c61f822f.webpPortuguese Settlement and the First Atlantic TransformationPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_EMOD/f30469308c9bb253fbb0e4ee80ea9500.webpSugar Transition, Wine Landscapes, and Strategic Atlantic CorridorsPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_HMOD/2856028bcb568d1bd373d6b798106f11.webpWine, Provisioning, Migration, and Atlantic Commercial MaturityPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_LMOD/7aa55e3f31bc67af36614be25b5b6a59.webpSteam, Migration, Cable Networks, and Strategic Atlantic ModernizationPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-macaronesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_Macaronesia_REC/9015ca09b035f3fe77d034b46890d6f6.webpAutonomy, Tourism, Conservation, and the Connected Atlantic IslandsPlate: Northern Macaronesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_UPLE_I/e0b4886bed171803d13cd4649edcb7e3.webpCantabrian Refugia, Atlantic Plains, and Human ReplacementPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_UPLE_II/2352e2e3834b9e429285286625e78cd5.webpAtlantic Refugia, Cave Worlds, and the Drowning of the Iberian CoastPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_EHOL/37d97f15e5b20c4b3ca991422826bab8.webpForested Coasts, Cantabrian Shell Gatherers, and the Estuaries Taking Shape.Plate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_MHOL_lqyznEb/0deae775fb50ad9972f2d0f6b3244128.webpEstuarine Foragers, Maritime Farmers, and an Expanding Atlantic NeolithicPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_LHOL_JS3WX3S/d7d8e5da4026b9f7cfcd2bc038b9b2fd.webpMegalithic Landscapes, River Corridors, and Atlantic CoastsPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_EANT/379bd517b86e97b7275e084b88fdf9ae.webpRiver Valleys and Inland Atlantic GatewaysPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_AANTI/63d5cdecaa63c9975191a478a4f6bc54.webpAgricultural Consolidation, Early Hillfort Landscapes, and Expanding Atlantic ExchangePlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_AANTII/57bcc67f0da8c0b8ace2b2851c49f3a2.webpExpanding Hillfort Communities, Iron Technology, and Atlantic–Mediterranean ConnectionsPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_AANTIII/a9d2fe594011cd5a7b142b5db7635f2e.webpMature Hillfort Landscapes, Regional Identities, and Expanding Atlantic ExchangePlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_CANTI_F4z2AYF/3708633fcfa1423df947686f16665a5c.webpMediterranean Exchange, and the Mature Iron Age LandscapePlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_CANTII/cf0591651db22b877b21f7ee464a8582.webpMediterranean Competition, Tribal Confederations, and the Threshold of Roman ConquestPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_CANTIII/1a432ccab7fca1803894103d6ea9e9cc.webpRoman Expansion, Indigenous Resistance, and the Reorganization of the Atlantic LandscapePlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-189--178/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-177--166/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-165--154/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-153--142/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-141--130/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-129--118/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-117--106/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-105--94/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-93--82/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-81--70/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-69--58/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-57--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_CANTIV/35f80a42b335866638c18021d54796e0.webpAugustan Consolidation, Provincial Integration, and the Roman AtlanticPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-45--34/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-33--22/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-21--10/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/-9-3/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/4-15/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/16-27/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/28-39/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/40-51/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/52-63/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/64-75/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/76-87/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/88-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_CANTV/d90e06cae45257e20cd031758c5c46f2.webpProvincial Prosperity, Atlantic Connectivity, and the Mature Roman LandscapePlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/100-111/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/112-123/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/124-135/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/136-147/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/148-159/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/160-171/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/172-183/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/184-195/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/196-207/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/208-219/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/220-231/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/232-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/244-255/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/256-267/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/268-279/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/280-291/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/292-303/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/304-315/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/316-327/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/328-339/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/340-351/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/352-363/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/364-375/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/376-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_LANTII/ce9871e77139c0db887589e11e466a03.webpPost-Roman Regionalization, the Suebic Kingdom, and the Continuity of Atlantic LandscapesPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/388-399/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/400-411/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/412-423/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/424-435/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/436-447/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/448-459/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/460-471/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/472-483/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/484-495/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/496-507/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/508-519/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/520-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_LANTIII/f1671a840facb6a9e77874991fc7fb26.webpReligious Realignment and Visigothic IntegrationPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/532-543/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/544-555/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/556-567/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/568-579/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/580-591/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/592-603/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/604-615/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/616-627/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/628-639/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/640-651/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/652-663/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/664-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_EMEDL/518ad98e677c7bbc558d71f0ed7cbedb.webpCollapse of the Visigothic Kingdom, the Emergence of Asturias, and the Reorganization of the Atlantic FrontierPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/676-687/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/688-699/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/700-711/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/712-723/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/724-735/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/736-747/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/748-759/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/760-771/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/772-783/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/784-795/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/796-807/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/808-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_EMEDU/54d15de213cac48422ae0c8b7fd35604.webpLeónese Frontiers, Portucalense Settlement, and the First Santiago RoadsPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/820-831/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/832-843/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/844-855/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/856-867/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/868-879/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/880-891/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/892-903/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/904-915/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/916-927/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/928-939/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/940-951/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/952-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_HML/1c8eab32ee9db46d09b61f21d6a4186a.webpLeónese Consolidation, Coimbra’s Frontier, and the Expanding CaminoPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/964-975/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/976-987/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/988-999/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1000-1011/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1012-1023/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1024-1035/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1036-1047/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1048-1059/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1060-1071/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1072-1083/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1084-1095/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1096-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_HMU/e5ac5153985c20687c72dc71d1fc8e1e.webpCastile Integration, and an Atlantic Maritime FrontierPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1108-1119/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1120-1131/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1132-1143/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1144-1155/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1156-1167/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1168-1179/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1180-1191/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1192-1203/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1204-1215/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1216-1227/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1228-1239/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_LML/79c6376be9de518bf0f9a5c6b253239b.webpWool, Iron, Wine, Fisheries, and the Maritime TownsPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1252-1263/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1264-1275/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1276-1287/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1288-1299/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1300-1311/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1312-1323/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1324-1335/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1336-1347/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1348-1359/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1360-1371/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1372-1383/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1384-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_LMU/2ec55babd8542baf251ff1bd5dacfdfb.webpLisbon’s Oceanic Breakout and the Northern Maritime Supply SystemPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_EMOD/8898a80721b74e6c8c3cc2975abae235.webpImperial Shipping, Basque Fisheries, and the Atlantic Provinces under Composite MonarchiesPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_HMOD/48eac63f9faa7ee69d53e05b6b00396f.webpDouro Wine, Lisbon Reform, and the Atlantic Commercial StatePlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_LMOD/2586d787588b16badf6cdd263b2875a1.webpCoal Valleys, Steel Estuaries, Railways, and Mass MigrationPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_Southwest_Europe_REC/7a2fc23c080897acc8b8fbb9ba635ae5.webpEuropean Integration, Postindustrial Corridors, and the Persistence of Working LandscapesPlate: Atlantic Southwest Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-southwest-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_UPLE_I/77d29986eda02e7858540b51c7b29368.webpChannel Plains, Loire–Seine Corridors, and the Western European TransitionPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_UPLE_II/0bae227bb1933f2556a21e4ed5ca1375.webpPeriglacial Plains, Recolonizing Rivers, and the Return of the Atlantic ForestPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_EHOL/e699fcfad49adb5dacdab1cb2aa1c26d.webpForest Rivers, Drowning Coasts, and the Mesolithic Atlantic World.Plate: Atlantic West Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_MHOL_PpwxPPv/0a0333489990443b7a49403eb05e778d.webpWetland Foragers, Loess Farmers, and a Shifting Neolithic FrontierPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_LHOL_OXUHuzR/bfd5923b4c4d01993def1288052eb686.webpMegalithic Landscapes, River Enclosures, and Wetland FrontiersPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_EANT/327a4c8b15002cfd05f97a4fdacb5296.webpCoasts, Rivers, and Lowland HubsPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_AANTI/8e9d49092c60026d782cead442b63bf8.webpLate Bronze Exchange, Atlantic Estuaries, and Early Iron HorizonsPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_AANTII/e1e23ae7c66d680946e65b051ebf83ea.webpIron Adoption, Expanding Agriculture, and Regional ExchangePlate: Atlantic West Europe, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_AANTIII/c8a4acf6178bf8da11d60d1700854a74.webpAgricultural Expansion, Fortified Landscapes, and Emerging Regional PolitiesPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_CANTI/613775053d23b336afe2dbd2c71b17ee.webpLa Tène Landscapes, Regional Centers, and Atlantic ExchangePlate: Atlantic West Europe, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_CANTII/ff26d9aab44e2d51ce7ce1cbb5c5742b.webpOppida, Regional Confederations, and Expanding Atlantic CommercePlate: Atlantic West Europe, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_CANTII_PQROkMq/e6cc930c59f63c26257bcd01e5383ee8.webpRoman Conquest and the Transformation of the Iron Age LandscapePlate: Atlantic West Europe, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-189--178/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-177--166/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-165--154/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-153--142/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-141--130/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-129--118/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-117--106/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-105--94/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-93--82/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-81--70/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-69--58/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-57--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_CANTIV/07355658163a90a4b86e9f713125f259.webpProvincial Integration and the Rise of the Gallo-Roman LandscapePlate: Atlantic West Europe, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-45--34/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-33--22/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-21--10/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/-9-3/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/4-15/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/16-27/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/28-39/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/40-51/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/52-63/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/64-75/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/76-87/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/88-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_CANTV/53f18062452fdc08f756df1a0b43f34e.webpProvincial Prosperity, River Commerce, and the Mature Gallo-Roman LandscapePlate: Atlantic West Europe, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_LANTI/b0fa7bb52087d5f2a5b743c2688cef30.webpImperial Reorganization, Christian Communities, and Regional AdaptationPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_LANTII/d3a52011bfbe835a3be7feab6e7dde08.webpPost-Roman Kingdoms, Christian Landscapes, and Institutional ContinuityPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/388-399/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/400-411/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/436-447/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/448-459/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/460-471/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/472-483/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/484-495/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/496-507/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/508-519/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/520-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_LANTIII/3a336504ee016c8a3d96389b11d100db.webpMerovingian Regionalization, Monastic Landscapes, and River NetworksPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/532-543/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/544-555/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/556-567/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/568-579/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/580-591/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/592-603/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/604-615/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/616-627/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/628-639/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/640-651/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/652-663/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/664-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_EMEDL/e14c32bb11ae8b86af0df30385f59ef3.webpCarolingian Coordination, River Networks, and Atlantic ConnectivityPlate: Atlantic West Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_EMEDU/674748ad5f89a17402ceb315ead5b87f.webpCarolingian Heartlands, Viking Rivers, and the Norman Frontier.Plate: Atlantic West Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/856-867/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/880-891/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/892-903/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/904-915/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/916-927/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/928-939/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/940-951/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/952-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_HML/b175e956800222f54c52c4874ed3473b.webpCapetian Consolidation, Norman Expansion, and the Growth of River Markets.Plate: Atlantic West Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/964-975/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/976-987/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/988-999/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1000-1011/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1012-1023/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1024-1035/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1036-1047/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1048-1059/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1060-1071/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1072-1083/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1084-1095/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1096-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_HMU/d2a5c4d53be3291b3964fa0d0db8d571.webpAngevin and Capetian Rivalry, Gothic Cities, and the Flemish Commercial Surge.Plate: Atlantic West Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1108-1119/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1120-1131/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1132-1143/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1144-1155/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1156-1167/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1180-1191/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1216-1227/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1228-1239/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1240-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_LML/d7fd1d59ccdca647470a30877751c2cb.webpFlemish Cities, Plague, and the Opening of the Hundred Years’ War.Plate: Atlantic West Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1252-1263/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1264-1275/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1276-1287/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1288-1299/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1300-1311/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1312-1323/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1324-1335/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1360-1371/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1372-1383/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_LMU/3dfab7c5d740cd1a0200751cc897c261.webpBurgundian Splendor, French Recovery, and the Rise of Antwerp.Plate: Atlantic West Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_EMOD/de9264b30407cde2d62cfbc2a97e7bd5.webpReformation, Dutch Revolt, and Maritime Ascendancy.Plate: Atlantic West Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Atlantic_West_Europe_HMOD/095914fa861b303f96dfa6e96dbba9fa.webpPorts, Polders, Enlightenment, and Revolution.Plate: Atlantic West Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/atlantic-west-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_UPLE_I/fc02060d9b671534f673c60cd8f9a124.webpRhine Corridor, Neanderthal Departure, and Early Upper Paleolithic NetworksPlate: West Central Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_UPLE_II/684cb1a751d4513b77f4b1c58467d656.webpPeriglacial Rivers, Late-Glacial Recolonization, and the Rise of the ForestPlate: West Central Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_EHOL/be6016d11267cb1083853dc41fd441b9.webpForest Rivers, Wetland Foragers, and the Mesolithic Rhine World.Plate: West Central Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_MHOL_5zr1tAq/1fa7e39e974178483b84d083772f8ffe.webpLonghouse Farmers, Forest Clearings, and a Diversifying Neolithic WorldPlate: West Central Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_LHOL_ZOSA27l/508ceca9dd5f73b6c66af947fbd3e434.webpEnclosures, Farming Landscapes, and Late Neolithic ReorganizationPlate: West Central Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_EANT/cc16ba9ae4af25734d5ab891d39c7791.webpBronze and Iron Age Cultures of the Rhine and JuraPlate: West Central Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_AANT/803c0d886d31b374cf105f5478e86fb6.webpHillfort Networks and the Early Rhine ExchangePlate: West Central Europe, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_CANT/3312bc656ecfd31279e9f236654fa664.webpRome and the Organization of the Rhine FrontierPlate: West Central Europe, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_LANT/9c06bf48838699a5a433e4e09595595c.webpFrontier Transformation and Frankish ConsolidationPlate: West Central Europe, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_EMEDL/b8cb5604dfc9e2f802d0d2c7cbb9329a.webpCarolingian Heartland and Institutional LandscapesPlate: West Central Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_EMEDU_6ITqrM5/e7913cb494899bd7d7e35ced45db0a07.webpCarolingian Partition, Rhine Estates, and Ottonian ConsolidationPlate: West Central Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_HMU_8uVKieB/066b3f8bc74ed282faacb4a4835d5564.webpSalian Kingship, Romanesque Foundations, and Expanding Rhine MarketsPlate: West Central Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_HMU_1E3bcmX/6315eb9ca61065d9aba8301f659b23d0.webpMerchant Towns, Ecclesiastical Principalities, and the High-Medieval RhinePlate: West Central Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_LML_zv4Cnvn/5a0985a48525e47c32ec5733b7a605ad.webpElectoral Territories, Urban Corporations, and Fourteenth-Century CrisisPlate: West Central Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_LMU_RsIg7P1/dccfa81099f5178d22cd50f609253692.webpPrinting Networks, Humanism, and the First Reformation DividePlate: West Central Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_EMOD_5gETfhu/7521fbdc66efb8c5f94ee9609eb2f66d.webpConfessional Territories, Thirty Years' War, and Rhenish ReconstructionPlate: West Central Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_HMOD_xXzoFuo/969d960bd493b73b842dfa2d265e6719.webpTerritorial Reconstruction, Commercial Reform, and Revolutionary ReorderingPlate: West Central Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_LMOD_AmxCETu/8a2ba3821ad05db068be1a97d9866770.webpRuhrPlate: West Central Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-central-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_REC_yi3wB85/ed90c89a6f25ace84fbcafa40ead9547.webpRuhr, Integrated Mobility, and Ecological River RecoveryPlate: West Central Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_UPLE_I/b751779d561033587d682c9469361c3b.webpChannel Plains, Episodic Britain, and the Northwestern Edge of Human SettlementPlate: Northwest Europe, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_UPLE_II/b55a848e4cf4f7609e75aab293af0479.webpIce-Sheet Retreat, Recolonization, and the Drowning of the North Sea PlainsPlate: Northwest Europe, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_EHOL/ceb4d16a556a096c211896803e5ad0cc.webpDrowning Doggerland, Fjord Foragers, and the Storegga Sea.Plate: Northwest Europe, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_MHOL_4VJwCme/039a5d9ba055fef638d0190f2962978e.webpMarine Foragers, Forested Islands, and Engineered FisheriesPlate: Northwest Europe, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_LHOL_xtg8jG4/94385ed35279a700b6f146aa59b097ec.webpFrom Forager Coasts to Megalithic Farming WorldsPlate: Northwest Europe, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_EANT/00bd3a8ea00a9246d3cd7f34388a3fcf.webpAtlantic Isles and Northern SeawaysPlate: Northwest Europe, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-2637--2494/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-2493--2350/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-2349--2206/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-2205--2062/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-2061--1918/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-1917--1774/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-1773--1630/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-1629--1486/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-1485--1342/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-1341--1198/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-1197--1054/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-1053--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_AANTI/2f1dcb42f75fe441a26e9df8d3d36460.webpLate Bronze Age Maritime Networks and Emerging Regional CommunitiesPlate: Northwest Europe, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_AANTII/0b277e81065f74a47fd4957d3858789a.webpIronworking, Managed Landscapes, and Emerging Regional CommunitiesPlate: Northwest Europe, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_AANTIII/919dd48de727f3598ff12cb040d4b9e1.webpRegional Organization and the Emergence of Hillfort LandscapesPlate: Northwest Europe, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_CANTI/6bc6fd5e23277315c7b8ffe1940eb4d6.webpMature Hillfort Landscapes and Expanding Atlantic ExchangePlate: Northwest Europe, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_CANTII/1e31e015995ee166cf347e3e1b614aaf.webpRegional Iron Age Polities and Continental CommercePlate: Northwest Europe, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_CANTIII/4c9f7e6412bd34f8cece11c983e04c90.webpOppida, Belgic Networks, and Late Iron Age TransformationPlate: Northwest Europe, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_CANTIV_NkmjoOx/18a3e04ce6e44efedc13f4f90848dacc.webpRoman Conquest and Layered LandscapesPlate: Northwest Europe, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_CANTV_HevvIsD/b6c2ad0bd060d7acf5df872fd236b965.webpRoman Consolidation, Economic Expansion, and Cultural SynthesisPlate: Northwest Europe, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_LANTI_P3p6i03/bb2e2364910a3f365bd65a06ad9249e1.webpFrontier Adaptation and Regional ContinuityPlate: Northwest Europe, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_LANTII/24d3e36dfcc171796c947c988b89aeb5.webpPost-Roman Landscapes and Emerging Regional KingdomsPlate: Northwest Europe, 388 CE to 531 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_LANTIII/5bfe5263611fdd718528337157d17a80.webpRegional Kingdoms and Christian NetworksPlate: Northwest Europe, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_EMEDL/e9e18bd33ca2f9e1106143c226285970.webpThe Viking Atlantic and Mature Christian KingdomsPlate: Northwest Europe, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_EMEDU_eEaBr3Q/e90bace882a8466a5ca30f0fb8aaaaf6.webpViking Expansion, Island Settlement, and Maritime FrontiersPlate: Northwest Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/820-831/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/832-843/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/844-855/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/856-867/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/880-891/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/892-903/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/904-915/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/916-927/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/928-939/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/940-951/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/952-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_HML_jcW9eZR/27dc88f210f31c76a18603d5d98e36f6.webpChristian Kingdoms, Cnut's North Sea Realm, and Norman EnglandPlate: Northwest Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/964-975/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/976-987/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/988-999/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1000-1011/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1012-1023/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1024-1035/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1036-1047/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1048-1059/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1060-1071/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1072-1083/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1084-1095/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1096-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_HMU_RvHs3Hz/d4f44c62fd911c0eb4a9429e37c36af3.webpTerritorial Lordship, Anglo-Norman Expansion, and Commercial GrowthPlate: Northwest Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1108-1119/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1120-1131/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1132-1143/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1144-1155/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1168-1179/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1180-1191/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1192-1203/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1204-1215/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1216-1227/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1228-1239/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1240-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_LML_AqAioqP/1ac76b921b437584bbe69e02a7ff93bd.webpTerritorial Wars, Plague, and North Sea CommercePlate: Northwest Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1252-1263/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1264-1275/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1276-1287/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1288-1299/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1312-1323/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1324-1335/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1336-1347/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1348-1359/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1360-1371/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1372-1383/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1384-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_LMU_Nkqjpzd/3b82adac94b0c4ed61f046798dddd13a.webpDynastic Consolidation, Atlantic Ventures, and Reformation ThresholdPlate: Northwest Europe, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_EMOD_rkTERYK/f926c5866ba6f101e457bcbd3a3e4e6d.webpReformation States, Atlantic Expansion, and the Wars of the Three KingdomsPlate: Northwest Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_HMOD/017ed51bfdfa5b495c92c4f80baddb21.webpParliamentary Britain, Atlantic Naval Power, and Early IndustrializationPlate: Northwest Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_LMOD/2f62076cd17aa7030465e522775c9b08.webpIndustrial Maturity, Mass Migration, and the North Atlantic War SystemPlate: Northwest Europe, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northwest_Europe_REC/b6a2901129ab3691786528b19c4de321.webpPostindustrial Atlantic Integration, Offshore Energy, and Ecological AdaptationPlate: Northwest Europe, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northwest-europe/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_UPLE_I/4de3bd7f00cabbb0238a5b7319b46ab1.webpContinental Ice, Southern Grasslands, and an Unpeopled Eastern ContinentPlate: Northeastern North America, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_UPLE_II/d311a3a4642061c588a993968d76f573.webpContinental Ice, First Peoples, and the Reopening of the NortheastPlate: Northeastern North America, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_EHOL/276b1a6b1153964697d43b487a4f02d2.webpRetreating Ice, Changing Great Lakes, and the Regional Worlds of the Early Archaic.Plate: Northeastern North America, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_MHOL_OcKkwNZ/7ad23582d6347b8a433a4cc52b02fc01.webpCopper Shores, Forest Rivers, and Expanding Archaic LifewaysPlate: Northeastern North America, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_LHOL_qafgiLh/97b2a7b0ad18ff5880fac24da301d0e5.webpArchaic River Worlds, Maritime Networks, and Copper TraditionsPlate: Northeastern North America, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_EANT/f55ad81a360838503e6b12582ac54b3d.webpAdena–Hopewell Earthworks, Maize Emergence in the MidwestPlate: Northeastern North America, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_CANTV/37b2d3c4650ea6ab2197348d802e4b27.webpMature Hopewell Ceremonial Landscapes and Continental InteractionPlate: Northeastern North America, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_LANTI/ca6a46946147e870c36d35247be7d7b8.webpRegional Hopewell Traditions and the Beginning of Localized InteractionPlate: Northeastern North America, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_LANTIII/443daec930c5515a59cf7df956e4b646.webpMature Late Woodland Regional Societies and the Thinning of Continental InteractionPlate: Northeastern North America, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_EMEDL/8e4369f9234ae0fdf15c547458dcd81d.webpLocalized Late Woodland Landscapes and the Dissolution of the Hopewell WorldPlate: Northeastern North America, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_EMEDU/fae884e1df278e81726bd35e252a0465.webpWoodland Networks, River Farmers, and Northern Hunting WorldsPlate: Northeastern North America, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_HML/7e5fb2f577fbc2f88f3e7fc736209ef8.webpCahokia’s Transformation, Norse Atlantic Contact, and Expanding Northern MobilityPlate: Northeastern North America, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_HMU/344f9b96c8b8bb221a325466e44de08d.webpMississippian Networks, Village Coalescence, and the Thule ArcticPlate: Northeastern North America, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_LML/cb101f315bb9e1b91115f7def4ec42d1.webpRegional Reorganization, Cahokia’s Contraction, and Arctic ConsolidationPlate: Northeastern North America, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_LMU/6b37c358a2807b22d00779a41f256771.webpWoodland Consolidation, Inuit Networks, and First Atlantic FisheriesPlate: Northeastern North America, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_EMOD/488265c7371bfe1b413ddf3e93a4b7e8.webpAtlantic Colonies, Fur Corridors, and Indigenous PowerPlate: Northeastern North America, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_HMOD/e4768c3849bd52f1be8fe3040b80406d.webpImperial Borderlands, Revolutions, and Inland ExpansionPlate: Northeastern North America, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_LMOD/a1681717268d555524fa8620c9722e8b.webpIndustrial Heartlands, Mass Migration, and Continental InfrastructurePlate: Northeastern North America, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northeastern-north-america/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeastern_North_America_REC_Bbwkkwj/97ea40ee44cd85579fc3e43e7e3328d6.webpPostindustrial Corridors, Indigenous Renewal, and Ecological RepairPlate: Northeastern North America, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_UPLE_I/327f958ebe41e1076f25c80a214375f4.webpBahamian Banks, Hispaniolan Mountains, and Unpeopled Caribbean ShoresPlate: Northern West Indies, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_UPLE_II/7a5cbcd532cbb132999c8608d1472e8b.webpExposed Banks, Endemic Faunas, and the Human-Free Northern CaribbeanPlate: Northern West Indies, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_EHOL/99f3a91a3b892559effff3b4531229d6.webpDrowning Banks, Forested Islands, and the Unpeopled Northern Caribbean.Plate: Northern West Indies, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_MHOL_vB0cLk5/d84877edbdbcdf866e870e7a1fe1e528.webpLimestone Banks, Forested Hispaniola, and a Human-Free Northern CaribbeanPlate: Northern West Indies, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_LHOL_OkIC9jj/6e5792587c43adf73fc7141ef8dc668e.webpPreceramic Hispaniola and Uninhabited Bahamian BanksPlate: Northern West Indies, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_EANT/9a277bc90c6a47cf9ff69951f3db0914.webpTaíno Precursors on Hispaniola; Lucayan ThresholdPlate: Northern West Indies, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_AANT/9caf89fc341b38ab46aec09e93b00fc5.webpLate Ceramic Foundations and Emerging Maritime CommunitiesPlate: Northern West Indies, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_CANT/57fa563be15b43391eb6cf206f2b3d9b.webpChiefly Flourishing and the Lucayan Maritime ExpansionPlate: Northern West Indies, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_LANT/65b136381a3437491a5530ed61fb966b.webpRegional Chiefdoms and the Reorganization of Maritime NetworksPlate: Northern West Indies, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_EMEDL/ba7b7cc7a7e22fa421a38e35195c1425.webpMaritime Communities and the Dissolution of the Late Ceramic OrderPlate: Northern West Indies, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_EMEDU/5eb6e1becdf3d758e01a82560a052d7c.webpEarly Lucayan Settlement and Northern Hispaniola’s Indigenous CorePlate: Northern West Indies, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_HML/48653d38fa0c493a053bb0de3fc2a3ff.webpExpanding Island Communities and Maritime ConnectivityPlate: Northern West Indies, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_HMU/bc77839ddbdbf63176c8909d5fec37dd.webpMaritime-Horticultural Networks and Growing Chiefly AuthorityPlate: Northern West Indies, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_LML/3de098e179dae5119f0f4898a17756e7.webpChiefdom Hierarchies, Inter-Island Networks, and Lucayan MaturityPlate: Northern West Indies, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_LMU/4addeb0e6f0b58efe27c78d43c7b1d72.webpTaíno Worlds and Atlantic CrossingsPlate: Northern West Indies, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_EMOD/ad1e451e20aa4cb4de3f03f51cc2e0b7.webpColonial Fragmentation, African Diaspora, and New Maritime SettlementsPlate: Northern West Indies, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_HMOD/c3acc849c90712e3008b2ca9c0a4de7c.webpSalt, Slavery, Revolution, and the Maritime AtlanticPlate: Northern West Indies, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_LMOD/5afda823847c525545e2d4999e0544c1.webpEmancipation, Naval Power, Migration, and Uneven ModernizationPlate: Northern West Indies, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/northern-west-indies/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_REC/b31c63eda2020446d1587ad0eab24574.webpTourism, Modern Connectivity, Urban Growth, and Environmental VulnerabilityPlate: Northern West Indies, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_UPLE_I/723ac4554f72434d54387fab04411bb9.webpGreater Antillean Highlands, Volcanic Arcs, and Caribbean IsolationPlate: Eastern West Indies, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_UPLE_II/7e675e757a8626afc34fa518a7a97fd1.webpEnlarged Islands, Endemic Faunas, and the Human-Free Caribbean ArcPlate: Eastern West Indies, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_EHOL_HT9cpSh/1060464cd5f7fda8ef3f24685ff47aff.webpRising Reefs, Tropical Forests, and the Last Unpeopled Caribbean Islands.Plate: Eastern West Indies, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_MHOL_UNo0dWX/9d42868878fe9079fab58604d2dfcb09.webpTrinidad Foragers and a Human-Free Antillean ArcPlate: Eastern West Indies, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_LHOL_vkjVsU7/1f55490dce159cbe92bcff173d612371.webpPreceramic Islands, Trinidad Lifeways, and an Uneven Caribbean FrontierPlate: Eastern West Indies, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_EANT/de44465364c0323c1cca32e32dec48e7.webpPuerto Rico and Eastern Hispaniola CoresPlate: Eastern West Indies, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_AANT/afb7d43598a52322a419bee79153582e.webpOstionoid Expansion and the Foundations of Maritime Village LifePlate: Eastern West Indies, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_CANT/cc7d2e2a76342879bc3578d18597ff09.webpEmerging Chiefdoms and Expanding Maritime NetworksPlate: Eastern West Indies, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_LANT/4ec5fb9f60aece31cf5642d80c4a4805.webpConsolidated Chiefdoms and Regional Maritime IntegrationPlate: Eastern West Indies, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_EMEDL/5f3cee06e169a566546f13f8046d45be.webpMature Chiefdom Landscapes and Emerging Regional DifferentiationPlate: Eastern West Indies, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_EMEDU/7c1091cd1a6bfe972ed80c876aac08c2.webpRegional Communities and Maritime HorticulturePlate: Eastern West Indies, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_HML/2d5e367f837383137475153f7f327193.webpVillage Growth and Ceremonial IntegrationPlate: Eastern West Indies, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_HMU/815d47234fd24f1a6aaed81e04e9b6e1.webpChiefly Networks and Inter-Island CoordinationPlate: Eastern West Indies, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_LML/36f70833da5bbc2e221fa5abe7c4cd88.webpMature Regional Societies and Maritime DiversityPlate: Eastern West Indies, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_LMU/4e58b515cdf72fb1c7d015bd68697e45.webpIndigenous Polities and the First Colonial RupturePlate: Eastern West Indies, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_EMOD/d82dd7049296b97dcb98eab77035cbcc.webpImperial Fragmentation, Sugar Frontiers, and African Caribbean FormationPlate: Eastern West Indies, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_HMOD/2a7a21d47748136da5689b075befe644.webpPlantation Slavery, Resistance, and Revolutionary UpheavalPlate: Eastern West Indies, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_LMOD/257cf151ab47062150acd231812a6e2f.webpEmancipation, Migration, Industrialization, and DecolonizationPlate: Eastern West Indies, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_West_Indies_REC/4d7703ee0a70b3d0153d3a01ce56065f.webpTourism, Energy, Mobility, and Ecological AdaptationPlate: Eastern West Indies, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/eastern-west-indies/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_UPLE_I/e82bed01cccfee026f3c96b98df0a294.webpAndean Ice, Amazonian Mosaics, and Continental RefugiaPlate: South America Major, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_UPLE_II/127255a49913a0e008265c5acdc3e365.webpAndean Ice, First Peoples, and the Peopling of a Continental MosaicPlate: South America Major, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_EHOL_i7DFoye/9206f3b41c56d24b70c8bbebe8a53a21.webpManaged Forests, Maritime Foragers, and the Diversifying Early Holocene Continent.Plate: South America Major, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_MHOL_jD6yZWF/cbf201d9218381736b63bd55e5be7282.webpManaged Forests, Shell-Mound Coasts, and Diversifying Middle-Holocene LifewaysPlate: South America Major, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_LHOL_uW3MhL1/baf150a875d19bd9ad8fc4399cf7fe96.webpRiverine Ceramics, Coastal Monumentality, and Early Andean Food ProductionPlate: South America Major, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_EANT/9b18454d7456554424aaa21579199d34.webpHighlands, Forests, and River WorldsPlate: South America Major, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_AANTI/214bad0a928831bee870327fb04b1dfa.webpEmergence of Chavín Interaction Networks and Expanding Regional LandscapesPlate: South America Major, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_AANTII/55b02db1375cf31aed37c3fb8c9eef79.webpExpansion of Chavín Networks and Growing Interregional IntegrationPlate: South America Major, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_AANTIII/aa8e0d776a55a0bf700e33605b460c0b.webpZenith of Chavín Influence and Mature Interregional LandscapesPlate: South America Major, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_CANTI/7c1079afcc73fe726e17a0958a7c111c.webpRegional Diversification and Independent Ceremonial LandscapesPlate: South America Major, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_CANTII/5adecdae5c67d5d4b167ec81bc8b86c9.webpFlourishing of Regional Cultures, Urban Growth, and Artistic InnovationPlate: South America Major, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_CANTIV/cc66462944c60da2f356b686846ae430.webpMoche and Nazca Consolidation, Urban Intensification, and Cultural ComplexityPlate: South America Major, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_EMEDU/99fecea6e36ff9f90625b8e68a6de173.webpHighland States, Engineered Lowlands, and Regional ReorganizationPlate: South America Major, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_HML/b3c26385d645d401d42cc2dfd037ad52.webpSicán Gold, Chimú Foundations, and the Continental Web of Forests and MountainsPlate: South America Major, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_HMU/77817b938f5226b5ec3d500d50a3a94c.webpChimor Expansion, Highland Lordships, and Engineered River WorldsPlate: South America Major, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_LML/f7515577c2439f01b4e04aa9579c84d8.webpChimú Apex, Cuzco’s Rise, Tairona Gold, and Guaraní FrontiersPlate: South America Major, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_LMU/9d80b8792e835963c08f363ca81a886a.webpTawantinsuyu, Autonomous Lowlands, and the First Colonial RupturePlate: South America Major, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_EMOD/97f5093a9b3d51a7e79fdf360945b5d2.webpSilver, Sugar, Slavery, and the Uneven Consolidation of Colonial RulePlate: South America Major, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_HMOD/d08c631058335c66293c3d2fcf390c48.webpColonial Maturity, Mineral Frontiers, Revolt, and the Breaking of EmpirePlate: South America Major, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_LMOD/bd82909e3e7d1e47fc2c3f0c8b68ee02.webpRepublics, Railways, Commodity Frontiers, and Industrial TransformationPlate: South America Major, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_REC/364957724af27df48ede9c840963701d.webpDevelopment Frontiers, Metropolitan Networks, and Ecological ContestPlate: South America Major, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/south-america-major/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_UPLE_I/9312f12baf4859e2c1f2d2ea6eb919fd.webpPatagonian Steppe, Andean Ice, and Southern Ocean CoastsPlate: Subcontinental South America, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_UPLE_II/d31cb8d34bd49c8799ef4b8314d15a16.webpPatagonian Ice, First Peoples, and the Opening of the Far SouthPlate: Subcontinental South America, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_EHOL/f6521b47c8e4e670b06724bb7122e500.webpPatagonian Steppe, Forested Fjords, and the First Fuegian Shores.Plate: Subcontinental South America, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_MHOL/21bdf541be956416027794607e4c8317.webpPatagonian Steppe, Forested Channels, and the Emergence of Maritime LifewaysPlate: Subcontinental South America, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_LHOL/46e4c77e3733e60406fd2ac16e3542cc.webpSteppe Hunters, Maritime Adaptation, and Southern Island FrontiersPlate: Subcontinental South America, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Minor_EANT/70a648aa33340751e2462547f8f72714.webpSouthern Shores and Andean ExtremesPlate: Subcontinental South America, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Minor_AANT/cd6fa918c394b99e71e83eda40d35486.webpStable Southern Ecological AdaptationsPlate: Subcontinental South America, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Minor_CANT/f242a4e75a46131f85d279faa7d97434.webpRegional Ecological IntegrationPlate: Subcontinental South America, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Minor_LANT/9cd0cb468e070731a4a62ec1b7e5e764.webpMature Maritime and Steppe NetworksPlate: Subcontinental South America, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Minor_EMEDL/a5568760495185262332f32174a6e786.webpEnduring Southern LifewaysPlate: Subcontinental South America, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_EMEDU_Wzl7gSD/f13e49047197f3dbc50569901932ea99.webpForest Horticulture, Steppe Hunting, and Channel WorldsPlate: Subcontinental South America, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_HML/6822be735f6e9f4fe31a995d220f925a.webpRegional Continuity and Expanding Horticultural LandscapesPlate: Subcontinental South America, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_HMU/95e94bfbfdcde95d7d2ce3b0092023c3.webpEl Vergel Communities and Strengthening Regional ExchangePlate: Subcontinental South America, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_LML/e6210a28195d979cb3f147b666c8f840.webpMature Indigenous Landscapes of Forest, Steppe, and SeaPlate: Subcontinental South America, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_LMU/2e69f466121982a9b95510cefa8156d5.webpIndigenous Southern Worlds and the First European Maritime IntrusionPlate: Subcontinental South America, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_EMOD/b7a3619eb786e9e1fed59693dfb77511.webpMapuche Resistance, Colonial Islands, and a Contested Southern FrontierPlate: Subcontinental South America, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_HMOD/69116b14a768e659cd81bf9562668e17.webpEquestrian Patagonia, Mapuche Autonomy, and Imperial Maritime PeripheriesPlate: Subcontinental South America, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_LMOD/318fa7049576a21244f9d968fb06563f.webpTerritorial Conquest, Sheep Frontiers, Ports, and Industrial IntegrationPlate: Subcontinental South America, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/subcontinental-south-america/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Subcontinental_South_America_REC/c8b4e3db3bcb213710a2971ad9abe8ae.webpMechanized Integration, Marine Industry, and Environmental ReckoningPlate: Subcontinental South America, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_UPLE_I/f9e6e2d9c83f30cc600df010a904e280.webpMarine Ice Sheet, Peninsula Mountains, and Pacific Ice MarginsPlate: West Antarctica, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_UPLE_II/792a1cda10e31fc08160a71f2f6dbd4b.webpMarine Ice, Retreating Grounding Lines, and the Human-Free Pacific AntarcticPlate: West Antarctica, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_EHOL_aLtVFBk/102ab21626b8cc401767bdd010c8e227.webpRetreating Ice Streams, Opening Seas, and the Unpeopled Antarctic Peninsula.Plate: West Antarctica, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_MHOL_fIsYgHo/b0db151106c2a8a14f072a8ce996d9ff.webpRetreating Margins, Volcanic Coasts, and Changing Southern Ocean HabitatsPlate: West Antarctica, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_LHOL_9xtF2Cr/1e1d129095949701021f1bbfec65cdd5.webpMaritime Ice Frontiers and Uneven Mid-Holocene ChangePlate: West Antarctica, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_EANT/a60b4b1886322ef8e0294415a551a648.webpFragmented Ice Lands and Coastal Wildlife HavensPlate: West Antarctica, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_AANT/7c767423a78b97664e6bd0c626226888.webpStable Polar Ice LandscapesPlate: West Antarctica, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_CANT/2df7c871007eba645bffe13e55091747.webpSeasonal Marine ProductivityPlate: West Antarctica, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_LANT/f1aaff2166eb99c7ffa2fa745fe242fb.webpMature Southern Ocean EcosystemsPlate: West Antarctica, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_EMEDL/4c8e2550a12cade00f6343d82955196f.webpEnduring Polar ContinuityPlate: West Antarctica, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_EMEDU/948db31d6781f092954ce4d9dd6203f3.webpIce Margins and an Unpeopled Southern WorldPlate: West Antarctica, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_HML/3b9f3534b3bca8f421c50b7bd85ae14a.webpSea Ice, Polynyas, and Coastal ProductivityPlate: West Antarctica, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_HMU/f73911407f13409e9bd1dcb263c83f6a.webpGlaciers, Ice Shelves, and the Interior Ice SheetPlate: West Antarctica, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_LML/d1b3132a7340e25c45125eee7d28aa8e.webpRock Refugia, Sea-Ice Seasons, and Polar IsolationPlate: West Antarctica, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_LMU/7f2c7b59dd92ad39e64d1523da7fbc2c.webpCold Coasts at the Edge of Human GeographyPlate: West Antarctica, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_EMOD/0a4356fd862ff4318cd39715e86d6ad4.webpExpanding Oceans, Unseen ShoresPlate: West Antarctica, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_HMOD/ae0a49a1f31b48f1bc6d6bd18c2e35d9.webpSouthern Voyages and the First Documented CoastsPlate: West Antarctica, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_LMOD/13a162b1b167be12be736ae633d2d5aa.webpSurvey, Permanent Stations, and International SciencePlate: West Antarctica, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/west-antarctica/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_REC/15ac11061de489e2c8802d07b68017e0.webpSatellite Eyes, Retreating Ice, and the Climate ObservatoryPlate: West Antarctica, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_UPLE_I/0fbe8d8fcf03a291d7755d49924633e0.webpVolcanic Isolation, Palm Forests, and Oceanic RefugiaPlate: East Polynesia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_UPLE_II/623bb3ef0fadd4f98c4c0f4578b7d85f.webpIsolated Volcanoes, Drowned Shelves, and the Human-Free South PacificPlate: East Polynesia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_EHOL_NdkIHjQ/f7b166116275f5258601915877cc1d28.webpPalm Groves, Rising Reefs, and the Unpeopled Eastern Pacific.Plate: East Polynesia, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_MHOL_qUX9ZS5/0728702df8b52c458c79a2cc8aa93e6e.webpPalm-Wooded Volcanoes, Raised Reefs, and Human-Free Oceanic IslandsPlate: East Polynesia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_LHOL/f56a6bc4850cfa5dfafe4d806f640369.webpForested Islands and Uninhabited Oceanic FrontiersPlate: East Polynesia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Antarctica_EANT_DGiWL53/69262b31d144ad084e51f75d9a846e4f.webpThe Remote Eastern ApexPlate: East Polynesia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_AANT/2b80beb387a63f0ea035d624508c66d8.webpPristine Oceanic IslandsPlate: East Polynesia, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_CANT/b3a557139a57519a18dfb246502f53f6.webpStable Island EcosystemsPlate: East Polynesia, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_LANT/6c45bba22a94218947f70158d7e760a9.webpThe Remote Pacific FrontierPlate: East Polynesia, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_EMEDL/77856c65d3c8e58d46f864779316c5a5.webpThreshold of Polynesian ExpansionPlate: East Polynesia, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_EMEDU/9510e2657a2968d1989a6a95f0dfd21d.webpIslands Beyond the Settled HorizonPlate: East Polynesia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_HML/feebe6fe27cd916687c628984520a953.webpFirst Maritime Footprints in the Pitcairn SpherePlate: East Polynesia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_HMU/ebd89a7b9aa65dec7924e5e7d9f03013.webpColonization at the Eastern Pacific FrontierPlate: East Polynesia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_LML/3f00edfb411565bd056016842a9ebee9.webpProductive Landscapes and Monumental AncestorsPlate: East Polynesia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_LMU/af267fcf436ea600d5b0f57a35dc8279.webpAgricultural Intensification and Contracting Sea LanesPlate: East Polynesia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_EMOD/df5a32a1f727b8d9e17df398849998f3.webpDeepening Isolation and Resilience under Environmental StressPlate: East Polynesia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_HMOD/aa6161ea6619844b9ccd72f04bd2e40f.webpFirst European Encounters and the Repeopling of PitcairnPlate: East Polynesia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_LMOD/396c72bb030fc5be49981ea658d09717.webpRaids, Missions, Colonial Rule, and Island SurvivalPlate: East Polynesia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/east-polynesia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Polynesia_REC/1cc96195c61e25462a487701462b005a.webpConnectivity, Cultural Renewal, and ConservationPlate: East Polynesia, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_UPLE_I/003bbc868022f65e6c7ee56bdb156a7b.webpVolcanic Cordilleras, Forest Refugia, and Two-Ocean ShoresPlate: Isthmian America, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_UPLE_II/58b095034ef8e18797e26585ce1694c5.webpTropical Corridors, First Foragers, and the Reorganization of Two Ocean CoastsPlate: Isthmian America, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_EHOL_MYJsjDm/ce6a620fb30053bfef1c922263272ba7.webpTropical Forest Gardens, Mobile Foragers, and the Unpeopled Oceanic Islands.Plate: Isthmian America, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_MHOL_rc2etCW/198da0d60a25fe580c5326ae7fdb31a5.webpPreceramic Coastal Cultivation, Rainforest Corridors, and Human-Free Offshore IslandsPlate: Isthmian America, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_LHOL_V14tD5a/78b1dc8b06a9ec27053c1acd75b12067.webpPreceramic Gardens, Early Pottery, and Two-Ocean LandscapesPlate: Isthmian America, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_EANT/05242aba9c2bfcace071906d22e6a838.webpFoundations of Coastal CulturesPlate: Isthmian America, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_AANT/7b57b7a89302c8beb9f234198266b282.webpAgricultural Foundations and Emerging Regional NetworksPlate: Isthmian America, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_CANT/e4cdee9dab965e384f944865e62b0d12.webpRegional Chiefdoms and Expanding Interoceanic ExchangePlate: Isthmian America, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_LANT/602c46cb3267907435377a63bb0b8e35.webpMature Chiefdoms and Continental ExchangePlate: Isthmian America, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_EMEDL/9885134de5b0669580aec2f53c2afded.webpRegional Integration and Enduring LandscapesPlate: Isthmian America, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_EMEDU/ba4cb7b75514d22a8cf0f239e36cc918.webpRiver Chiefdoms and Maritime HorizonsPlate: Isthmian America, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_HML/3269fa2b3e23498ac58e3b21149c61f7.webpGrowing Centers and Wider ExchangePlate: Isthmian America, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_LML/b86c18f6139d9a18dba98f605c1e22f5.webpCultural Diversity and Societal TransformationsPlate: Isthmian America, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_LMU/2a5af3d2720e56379636c2831b80553a.webpIndigenous Crossroads and Spanish InvasionPlate: Isthmian America, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1396-1407/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1408-1419/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1420-1431/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1432-1443/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1444-1455/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1456-1467/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1468-1479/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1480-1491/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1492-1503/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1504-1515/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1516-1527/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1528-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_EMOD/35af490ba1963c75f4c7840100063bff.webpThe Imperial Portage and the Forest FrontiersPlate: Isthmian America, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1648-1659/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1660-1671/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_HMOD/3190c5dd4e3fe5d7f54cc2a3f13a3ef8.webpDeclining Treasure Routes and New Regional EconomiesPlate: Isthmian America, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_LMOD/338a4c5f367f357589464f30e7168c88.webpRailways, Export Frontiers, and the Panama CanalPlate: Isthmian America, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_REC/fbe337ba0ab6a9df41cff5998ae5ba0a.webpSovereignty, Logistics, and ConservationPlate: Isthmian America, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/isthmian-america/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_UPLE_I/07a38a512afad70352a6e6d0c655cf9b.webpCuban Plains, Jamaican Mountains, and Expanded Caribbean BanksPlate: Western West Indies, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_UPLE_II/90d8c083a403e519577d4c2a9ba1a53e.webpEnlarged Islands, Endemic Faunas, and the Drowning of the Greater Antillean WorldPlate: Western West Indies, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_EHOL_ZVTnOUO/87cf1466cc7cd3ddf9ab22cc4429bc76.webpForested Islands, Rising Seas, and the Unpeopled Western Caribbean.Plate: Western West Indies, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_MHOL_BusaOPR/7368dde5ee3bbb58212502e45e10c3f2.webpForested Greater Antilles, Limestone Shores, and a Human-Free Western CaribbeanPlate: Western West Indies, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-4365-2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_LHOL_DJv3z4N/b81f33615cbda5c0ea43775ebda84586.webpPreceramic Greater Antilles and Uninhabited Island FrontiersPlate: Western West Indies, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_EANT/803e6611e71206f8020e15b3fcb009e8.webpPort-de-Paix—Tortuga HingePlate: Western West Indies, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_AANT/8b956115529f7e872b671e082057e5be.webpAgricultural Foundations and Expanding Island CommunitiesPlate: Western West Indies, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_CANT/2ccac982d44a195ae264b28de7e46f55.webpEmerging Chiefdoms and Maritime IntegrationPlate: Western West Indies, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_LANT/afef662a0f8086381a916916b26e799f.webpMature Chiefdom Networks and Regional ExchangePlate: Western West Indies, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_EMEDL/17575019f84abd8e32b6721259c7795a.webpEnduring Maritime Landscapes and Stable ChiefdomsPlate: Western West Indies, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_EMEDU/0c7e9ea495be5c0deb7e5ca9751645bc.webpHorticultural Villages and Expanding Island NetworksPlate: Western West Indies, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_HML/7203dc75a952a40f78521163ceed20fe.webpVillage Growth and Maritime IntegrationPlate: Western West Indies, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_HMU/36021b855ce5f17fe86ec3a734a86073.webpDenser Settlements and Emerging Social DifferentiationPlate: Western West Indies, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_LML/0b126bee69042e9038440e89c38b2faf.webpLarger Communities and Mature Regional NetworksPlate: Western West Indies, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_LMU/49ad5ec04187939d3a08191c7b92c1b5.webpMature Indigenous Landscapes and the First Colonial RupturePlate: Western West Indies, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_EMOD/f474872831a0d31bc7bfe3509f100603.webpDivergent Colonial Shores and the Expansion of SlaveryPlate: Western West Indies, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_HMOD/cd541bc5cd59ab29cf67051193305c55.webpPlantation Slavery, Maroon Autonomy, and Haitian RevolutionPlate: Western West Indies, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_LMOD/eb1524b0802670297477e0591717ae9b.webpEmancipation, Export Infrastructure, and Political TransformationPlate: Western West Indies, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/western-west-indies/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_West_Indies_REC/64b4c60037e12bf4f0cbb9e4a1c87201.webpMetropolitan Expansion, Service Economies, and Ecological ConstraintPlate: Western West Indies, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_UPLE_I/45042af2568f9f28a6bb54d4406d0fd8.webpMexican Highlands, Tropical Refugia, and the Lowstand YucatánPlate: Southern North America, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_UPLE_II/a5d0d453ed01f9a4569c73f262acaeb0.webpGlacial Highlands, First Foragers, and the Beginnings of Plant ManagementPlate: Southern North America, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_EHOL_oWX0O9j/6fd8bd10c9ca6506b5f1bb2da61ce108.webpSeasonal Foragers, Domesticated Squash, and the First Maize of the Balsas.Plate: Southern North America, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_MHOL_UB5mBda/4526b2b3ed9e050be6a1dd18212bf4fe.webpPreceramic Cultivators, Lake Basins, and Coastal Forager WorldsPlate: Southern North America, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_LHOL_bUqP3Z3/5914632e64de4a1569fbcb1f3373d923.webpArchaic Cultivators, Early Maize, and Emerging Village LifePlate: Southern North America, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_EANT/a07801d137b03c34daa012e429974d2d.webpMesoamerican Heartlands and Central American FrontiersPlate: Southern North America, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_AANT/bdff79e73040e7219ae7fe63074c58f2.webpAgricultural Foundations and Emerging Ceremonial CentersPlate: Southern North America, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_CANT/c69449641acfd05e2e3195154440eb48.webpUrban Civilization and Expanding KingdomsPlate: Southern North America, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_LANT/9663f266f241745dbbf86bfd22737c5d.webpMature Urban Networks and Regional InteractionPlate: Southern North America, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_EMEDL/63e04480d5804c4cd2f27de6fcdab953.webpEnduring Kingdoms and Regional ContinuityPlate: Southern North America, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_EMEDU/55809734d9d837835397cbcf2ab849b3.webpTerminal Classic Transformation and Regional ReorientationPlate: Southern North America, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_HML/792fce33561bd4c7da492089f9dc658a.webpTula, Chichén Itzá, and the Early Postclassic Exchange WorldPlate: Southern North America, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_HMU/6091615af0a620464d2f20cf1adc0a87.webpRegional Reorganization and the Growth of New Political CentersPlate: Southern North America, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_LML/73e2a40e8bf12afebf83e773b5dc1368.webpMayapán, Tepanec Power, and the Formation of Late Postclassic StatesPlate: Southern North America, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_LMU/a4766b04052f834d3a974d3096c2c710.webpImperial Mesoamerica and the First Colonial RupturePlate: Southern North America, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_EMOD/a9a3461695dc24b25f06465f547ed988.webpColonial Consolidation, Indigenous Communities, and the Silver EconomyPlate: Southern North America, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_HMOD/a26902417a4d93946ff102b8fcc6dd3d.webpMature Colonial Economies, Bourbon Reform, and IndependencePlate: Southern North America, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_LMOD/c102314d3bc235042dd364effb11e55c.webpRepublics, Export Economies, Revolution, and Industrial TransformationPlate: Southern North America, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/southern-north-america/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Southern_North_America_REC/7627de47a0c99e59cc8cef9a3758cc2c.webpMetropolitan Growth, Global Integration, and Environmental ConstraintPlate: Southern North America, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_UPLE_I/614c09f034a8a4ee427d2fb6b8486f77.webpPluvial Basins, Pacific Shelves, and Megafaunal LandscapesPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_UPLE_II/59a49ee442ed5b6a6956b578f8d1943d.webpPluvial Lakes, First Peoples, and the Reorganization of the Western ContinentPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_EHOL_oOzd5Hc/faf340cc6aa0ae79ef514ebb1bb5d429.webpDrowned Gulf Plains, Shrinking Lakes, and the Regional Worlds of the Early Archaic.Plate: Gulf and Western North America, 7821 BCE to 6094 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_MHOL_t2NvzBd/200e1c35182b63bfb3cec21368ef1520.webpCoastal Intensification, Interior Foragers, and Diverging Middle-Holocene LifewaysPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_LHOL_OZ634vP/85f5fcc69c66163be920061c148285e7.webpRiverine Earthworks, Desert Foragers, and Pacific Maritime WorldsPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_EANT/d355e1e427ac0b33936299b82ef67a10.webpDesert Basins, River Valleys, and Gulf ShoresPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_AANT/b6fff36865e6585edcedbf1129f43e56.webpRegional Adaptations and Emerging ExchangePlate: Gulf and Western North America, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_CANT/552cdaddc9c2d6529c0488b0d9812109.webpAgricultural Expansion and Regional SocietiesPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_LANT/46672d94639a7c802c166681b12f5e56.webpMature Regional Networks and Environmental IntegrationPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_and_Western_North_America_EMEDL/c13966c385f5785e36fb0a5f1bd82f82.webpEnduring Regional Landscapes and Stable ExchangePlate: Gulf and Western North America, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_01_700x700/c9d8663fa8cfa3ac0cf75d1fa37d1dde.webpFloodplain Towns, Early Chaco, and Regional ExchangePlate: Gulf and Western North America, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_02_700x700/8ef93b251c712601b9efbbd4d98772d3.webpChaco Expansion and the Emerging Mississippian WorldPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_03_700x700/e9ebf3c2e798d5242bcf0eaa705b9177.webpGreat Mound Centers and the Reorganization of the Pueblo WorldPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_04_700x700/c41e2678d9d8f0d960beb987d477f618.webpMound Polities, Pueblo Migrations, and Intensified Regional NetworksPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_05_700x700/d386d2dd843a4b382c2f2a105e1490b2.webpMature Indigenous Regional Worlds and First Atlantic IntrusionsPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_06_700x700/89c7331fa7be8950741a3e47a2c354ba.webpColonial Footholds, Epidemic Transformation, and Indigenous ResistancePlate: Gulf and Western North America, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1540-1551/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1552-1563/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1564-1575/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1576-1587/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1588-1599/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1600-1611/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1612-1623/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1624-1635/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1636-1647/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1672-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_07_700x700/265d7de0bd9531cfb5099818b94e01f2.webpColonial Borderlands, Horse Nations, and Atlantic ExpansionPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1684-1695/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1696-1707/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1708-1719/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1720-1731/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1732-1743/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1744-1755/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1756-1767/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1768-1779/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1780-1791/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1792-1803/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1804-1815/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1816-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_08_700x700/18afec2b4efa4b2fd825bf7922a26001.webpTerritorial Incorporation, Rail Integration, and Industrial TransformationPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Gulf_Western_North_America_Age_09_700x700/f505e79fb552dbea739a4017d6850656.webpMetropolitan Growth, Infrastructure, and Environmental ConstraintPlate: Gulf and Western North America, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/gulf-and-western-north-america/2008-2019/