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ions/east-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Lower_East_Asia_with_civ._n65Y9Pf/03a0b856588e81db8b6b194c7c33dad7.webpSong Maritime Prosperity and the Mongol UnificationPlate: East Asia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Lower_East_Asia_with_civ./f8e2385e9adab421b6c65737bb2b4795.webpContinental NetworksPlate: East Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Upper_East_Asia/2fac7f0c9c90dd2b7743f1367a19044e.webpImperial Order, Maritime Gateways, and Frontiers of Faith and SteppePlate: East Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_UPLE_I/c52225869c88742d8bc0b2393bd215b4.webpSteppe Corridors, Mountain Refugia, and the Oscillating Interior of MIS 3Plate: Central Asia, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_UPLE_II/2552b9167d38d9d82cdad6e3fb34659c.webpGlacial Mountains, Arid Steppes, and the Reorganization of the Inner Eurasian CrossroadsPlate: Central Asia, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_MHOL_g9xojTP/53caaf3f3813ac47875dcb1c8eb06705.webpKopet Dag Farmers, Aral Fishers, and Diverging Interior LifewaysPlate: Central Asia, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LHOL_uOc929l/6323498ba129fce5be03a59121f7d8b6.webpPiedmont Farmers, Riverine Foragers, and the Botai Horse WorldPlate: Central Asia, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_EANT/335d63ced3195195172bee979fe370db.webpBMAC Oases, Andronovo Steppe, and the Chariot AgePlate: Central Asia, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_AANTI/4186bc86c47ee26a160b7dc83970df6d.webpThe Rise of Nomadic Cultures and Early Iranian ExpansionPlate: Central Asia, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_AANTII/43763d7c95822c41612f5502e6335965.webpExpansion of Scythian Power and Early Urban FlourishingPlate: Central Asia, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_AANTIII/258725e8d131d5f5136324008e107627.webpAchaemenid Influence, Scythian Integration, and Cultural ExchangePlate: Central Asia, 621 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTI_CZRzrVb/75fd207844b8fca8318919ea096b473a.webpPersian Consolidation, Nomadic Pressure, and Cultural InteractionPlate: Central Asia, 477 BCE to 334 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTII/2077ce6f7708ef7c572a466647c6ac59.webpAlexander’s Conquest and Cultural ConsolidationPlate: Central Asia, 333 BCE to 190 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTIII/130954006d7a5da367c9e1d4f1b71e07.webpThe Yuezhi Migrations and Cultural RealignmentPlate: Central Asia, 189 BCE to 46 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTIV/6d47f9c31563e9da37fe031e25e902af.webpCrossroads of Empires and the Rise of Kushan InfluencePlate: Central Asia, 45 BCE to 99 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_CANTV/003df89065c45a8d942e0a0490304c0b.webpKushan Zenith, Silk Road Prosperity, and Cultural BrilliancePlate: Central Asia, 100 CE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LANTI/dadfeff4882bbec606f359d28fc12d61.webpDecline of the Kushans, Nomadic Invasions, and the Rise of Sogdian TradePlate: Central Asia, 244 CE to 387 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LANTIII/abe3e8115cae329386f19c815abbc0dc.webpTurkic Ascendancy, Sogdian Resilience, and New Religious MovementsPlate: Central Asia, 532 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/820-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_EMEDU/b738cd7e13aab0c7beef0006b20e719b.webpSamanid Oases, Silver Circulation, and the Steppe FrontierPlate: Central Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_HML/e3eb1aa3332f6f1f5416d5efd3c674a3.webpSteppe IntegrationPlate: Central Asia, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_HMU/abbf0e2822145391effc7d1549de518e.webpKhwarazmian Expansion, Mongol Conquest, and Imperial ReorganizationPlate: Central Asia, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LML/55fbc0b184c90222480e00054d0c56d9.webpChagatai Fragmentation, Islamic Renewal, and Timurid ConsolidationPlate: Central Asia, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LMU/90353ac74a06fe32bdaede1a6fff9f44.webpTimurid Florescence, Uzbek Conquest, and the Formation of Steppe KhanatesPlate: Central Asia, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_EMOD/9cd9e20f26884808856b879edf9d53c4.webpOasis Khanates, Pastoral Confederations, and Regional Caravan EconomiesPlate: Central Asia, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_HMOD/ec3e8e55326544a829c605638ba529de.webpKazakh Crisis, Expanding Oasis States, and the Russian FrontierPlate: Central Asia, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Central_Asia_LMOD/cfdb2b3c598af26a3484d5be85df399d.webpImperial Conquest, Cotton Corridors, and the Soviet Reordering of Steppe and OasisPlate: Central Asia, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-asia/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_South_Asia_with_civ./23a8af20081d02339f320215595cc1f8.webpPala Enlightenment, Pratihara Power, and Chola RenaissancePlate: South Asia, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-asia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_East_with_civ._F22uM5q/895bf58e87f598ee8f33856dcc448aec.webpSteppe CrossroadsPlate: The Near and Middle East, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_East_with_civ._nnqBu1K/125c860a87b7eb6e256dce69f796c2ba.webpMamluk Power, Ilkhanid Persia, and the Gulf ThalassocracyPlate: The Near and Middle East, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/the-near-and-middle-east/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_with_civ./fbd870400e0d01ccb4d0a0a333c37d49.webpBulgar Ascendancy, Byzantine Restoration, and the Slavic ChristianizationPlate: Southeast Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_with_civ._s4YMaNX/a8464f6cae4adc4aaa9cd8dfa889f6fb.webpDanubian CorridorsPlate: Southeast Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_with_civ._qQzDgZw/d99ef052de49b3a590ef1760d7d218f3.webpFragmented Empires and Emerging KingdomsPlate: Southeast Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Eastern_Southeast_Europe_with_civ._6a72LqM/b13d774f833cdcb70a3ffd0a9d202057.webpEmpires in Twilight and the Ottoman AdvancePlate: Southeast Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Western_Southeast_Europe_with_civ./a49d1dfed7b69dc978beac420d132b39.webpOttoman Consolidation, Venetian Crossroads, and the Awakening of Balkan IdentitiesPlate: Southeast Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southeast-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/-7821--6094/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_with_civ_Q8PnoHy/2e0feb3c6da6fb6e80540170a565f61e.webpChristian Kings, Alpine Gateways, and the Imperial HeartlandPlate: Central Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_with_civ_umKHasw/d8baa0a21689b90ce44cae303e9a23a1.webpImperial Reform, Urban Expansion, and the OstsiedlungPlate: Central Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/East_Central_Europe_with_civ_UJJXLOy/02d0c3ac16f1b399a20743006df2a912.webpDynastic Crowns, Mining Economies, and Alpine ConfederationsPlate: Central Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_with_civ._3vSqtvu/c594b1515bf92e5bd5c04a1c31d5c551.webpConfessional Conflict, Habsburg Resilience, and the Thirty Years’ WarPlate: Central Europe, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Central_Europe_with_civ._3vSqtvu/c594b1515bf92e5bd5c04a1c31d5c551.webpBaroque Thrones, Enlightened Reforms, and the Shock of RevolutionPlate: Central Europe, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/central-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_with_civ._eFts6GO/f9fefb17ba6a53ddb0d9089688abcc39.webpCluniac Reform, Capetian Foundations, and the Rise of the Western KingdomsPlate: West Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_with_civ._PDZvIBM/3aa9cb20a17a0f6dd6d171fad02dd8e8.webpCapetian Consolidation, Angevin Empire, and the Medieval Maritime AxisPlate: West Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediterranean_West_Europe_with_civ._FCUJxL5/a0507817e7254a5db31fe59dbf70f3f2.webpPapal Provence, Commercial Flanders, and the Anglo-French WarlandsPlate: West Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_with_civ/c79f4b7882e2c0b4016ee5a6294b6070.webpViking Networks, Baltic Gateways, and the Birth of Northern ChristendomPlate: North Europe, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_with_civ_7fWXcL3/29aa55aadc4527b0de0381b1d053f819.webpBaltic Silver Age, Norman Conquest, and the Making of a Christian NorthPlate: North Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_with_civ_u5dC6YN/741d22dc64d5246a4d016ab777d336df.webpCrusades, Kingdoms, and the Northern SeasPlate: North Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northeast_Europe_with_civ_VABsDNC/cec0495567fa44d6b75de4aea62ff656.webpHanseatic Gateways and North Sea KingdomsPlate: North Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northeastern-eurasia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_with_civ./b20a8f12dc43a6739432cd2b0dccc2cf.webpEarly Agro-Pastoral Growth, San Continuity, and Wetland FrontiersPlate: Southern Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_with_civ._3bElRHo/3ce0a9d1d308c56bbb0cf0efff919997.webpSavanna NetworksPlate: Southern Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_with_civ._3bElRHo/3ce0a9d1d308c56bbb0cf0efff919997.webpGreat Zimbabwe’s Rise and Wetland ChiefdomsPlate: Southern Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_with_civ._8oaaYaa/a4458fb68180a9928e61a8b14de570d5.webpGreat Zimbabwe and the Southern FrontiersPlate: Southern Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_with_civ._8oaaYaa/a4458fb68180a9928e61a8b14de570d5.webpFynbos Shores, Karoo Uplands, and Delta WetlandsPlate: Southern Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_with_civ._8oaaYaa/a4458fb68180a9928e61a8b14de570d5.webpHerders, Farmers, and the Dawn of Colonial FrontiersPlate: Southern Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Temperate_Southern_Africa_with_civ._8oaaYaa/a4458fb68180a9928e61a8b14de570d5.webpColonial Pastures, Wetland Corridors, and Shifting FrontiersPlate: Southern Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_with_civilization/8716e911637d869a47077a530a524de6.webpSwahili Beginnings, Highland Christianity, and the Great Lakes MosaicPlate: East Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_with_civilization_NdCThhW/3fdcd9deba56ea42e5ba87556acc06f3.webpSwahili Urbanization, Highland Monasteries, and Great Lakes ConsolidationPlate: East Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_with_civilization_cXXqc7K/9e61344c77bd78273cc521b3652eb531.webpKilwa’s Ascendancy and the Zagwe Golden AgePlate: East Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Maritime_East_Africa_with_civilization_cXXqc7K/9e61344c77bd78273cc521b3652eb531.webpSwahili Zenith and the Interior MonarchiesPlate: East Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/east-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_UPLE_I/2ee28eebc2fc395bce7dbdf37fe5b801.webpForest–Savanna Mosaics, Great Rivers, and Human Continuity in MIS 3Plate: Middle Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_UPLE_II/3037483d37983a4520fc90bbb815dfc8.webpForest Refugia, Great Rivers, and the Reorganization of Equatorial AfricaPlate: Middle Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_MHOL_nsK3I2E/019667237a15929fd2d7280d31d0d4a5.webpMega-Chad Waters, Congo Forests, and Diverse Forager WorldsPlate: Middle Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LHOL_gATxWuE/4b13e195fe20c9ae9d2edc7ddeb24bfa.webpLake Chad, Forest Foragers, and the Grassfields ThresholdPlate: Middle Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Tropical_West_Southern_Africa_EANT_pxDKcfB/f23c6b8ae76132f3395db6873fc5b07f.webpBantu Dispersals and MetallurgyPlate: Middle Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_AANT/5ecdc9c6381fe19a1e69ee0e467bf00a.webpArchaic AntiquityPlate: Middle Africa, 909 BCE to 478 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_CANT/983828824a4875ee1e2dc651ac93757c.webpClassical AntiquityPlate: Middle Africa, 477 BCE to 243 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LANT/1206ce1d16e03adf8cf7e89531ed3372.webpLate AntiquityPlate: Middle Africa, 244 CE to 675 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EMEDL/4095677a98b641afefb987ec4673a484.webpEarly Medieval (Lower)Plate: Middle Africa, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EMEDU/954561222ae4a06bc4fe788cfbe4f482.webpSavanna Economies, and the Lake Chad CrossroadsPlate: Middle Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_HML/d7ef9892aef08c0fccf9ad6fb5972eb4.webpExpanding Exchange, Riverine Coordination, and the Emergence of KanemPlate: Middle Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_HMU/c0c23e22c2a716cdc4de675d449d3dd8.webpKanem Consolidation, Expanding River Networks, and Regional ChieftainciesPlate: Middle Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LML/f2b55eab27facb58449219b73d861e44.webpKanem’s Crisis, Emerging Kongo, and the Consolidation of Regional AuthorityPlate: Middle Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_LMU/98bb904443088235077069562ab4cd74.webpKongo Ascendant, Borno Reconstituted, and the Opening AtlanticPlate: Middle Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EMOD/b0815169b305ead6fdfb81161f436d21.webpAngola Wars, and the Growth of Interior StatesPlate: Middle Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_HMOD/75083bc22381b355a0d2606038549830.webpLunda Expansion, Kongo Fragmentation, and the Height of the Atlantic Slave TradePlate: Middle Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/1996-2007/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-africa/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_UPLE_I/cc18b8a64995d5ad689cc5f18c1ff4c3.webpSahelian Oscillations, River Refugia, and Diverse Human Traditions of MIS 3Plate: West Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_UPLE_II/a05f254f2c0c420c37180db99d2b9163.webpArid Frontiers, River Refugia, and the Return of the West African RainsPlate: West Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_MHOL_Yk593Xh/ad761f907e063e6aa78bbd79bc25f083.webpHumid Savannas, Pottery-Bearing Foragers, and Early Plant ManagementPlate: West Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_LHOL_0EMJhWv/6906f83a615474cf060c0226f93de775.webpPastoral Frontiers, Niger Fisheries, and the Threshold of Millet FarmingPlate: West Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_EANT/3035dd1586c557a449df6104868eb58a.webpFarming Villages and MetallurgyPlate: West Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Middle_Africa_EMEDL_JSY1Gwl/9853e1020894ceac5cc4799904b613ce.webpEarly MedievalPlate: West Africa, 676 CE to 819 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_EMEDU/a01cd61ef322d219555cf874449799e2.webpGhana’s Ascendancy, River Markets, and Sahelian ExchangePlate: West Africa, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_HML/a624a9d375e851fadae83c4491c9b087.webpGhana’s High Age, Islamic Networks, and Sahelian Market TownsPlate: West Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_HML_MDEbDpC/d9e5d849551145a98d4c6d0cca36ea5c.webpGhana’s Decline, Mali’s Emergence, and the Reorganization of the Upper NigerPlate: West Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_HML_m6PXSja/696c347511e98b1cda116eb9e0156b06.webpMali’s Golden Age, Niger Cities, and Expanding Regional StatesPlate: West Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_HMOD/16467de7bbe49f38d3cf8cd55a2618fb.webpAtlantic Intensification, Asante and Oyo, the Sokoto Revolution, and the Beginnings of AbolitionPlate: West Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_LMOD/7d452f4deec747ce0907036da80724f7.webpCommercial Agriculture, Colonial Rule, Railways, Nationalism, and IndependencePlate: West Africa, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/West_Africa_REC/7368830c8bf1faefcc32cb370aa0bc0a.webpUrban Expansion, Regional Integration, Oil Economies, Environmental Stress, and Digital ConnectivityPlate: West Africa, 1972 CE to 2019 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_UPLE_I/9083a3f9b48378aa65b462b7debc4803.webpMaghreb Refugia, Saharan Pulses, and Human Continuity in MIS 3Plate: North Africa, 49293 BCE to 28558 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_UPLE_II/690abb29df500cde504e7f7e19bbfd9b.webpMaghrebi Refugia, Saharan Aridity, and the Return of the African RainsPlate: North Africa, 28557 BCE to 7822 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_MHOL/0ad0042c27c65f476c9e249ae6027da9.webpGreen Sahara Pastoralists, Maghreb Foragers, and the First Moroccan FarmersPlate: North Africa, 6093 BCE to 4366 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LHOL_cq95ScE/3f68fc664e65432398b2f2a6f4be1f2b.webpSaharan Retreat, Pastoral Mobility, and Mediterranean Farming WorldsPlate: North Africa, 4365 BCE to 2638 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_EANT/7169c4a5bf5faa234cce9629c859451b.webpProto-Garamantian Deserts, Coastal Metallurgy, and Mediterranean LinksPlate: North Africa, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-909--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-909--766/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_AANTI/43ed2045e4d54df1c343b6983422ceb7.webpPhoenician Expansion, Amazigh Landscapes, and the Emergence of the Western MediterraneanPlate: North Africa, 909 BCE to 766 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-765--622/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_AANTII/a480779da9dd231ae33abd319fd73451.webpCarthage, Cyrene, and the Formation of Complementary Maritime FrontiersPlate: North Africa, 765 BCE to 622 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-621--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-621--610/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-609--598/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-597--586/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-585--574/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-573--562/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-561--550/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-549--538/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-537--526/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-525--514/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-513--502/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-501--490/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-489--478/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-477-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-477--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-477--466/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-453--442/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-441--430/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-429--418/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-417--406/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-405--394/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-393--382/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-381--370/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-369--358/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-357--346/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-345--334/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-333--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-333--322/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-321--310/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-309--298/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-297--286/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-273--262/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-249--238/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-237--226/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-225--214/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-213--202/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-201--190/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-189--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-189--178/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-177--166/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-165--154/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-153--142/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-141--130/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-129--118/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-117--106/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-105--94/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-93--82/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-81--70/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-69--58/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-57--46/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-45-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-45--34/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-33--22/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-21--10/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/-9-3/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/4-15/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/16-27/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/28-39/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/40-51/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/52-63/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/64-75/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/76-87/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/88-99/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/100-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/100-111/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/112-123/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/124-135/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/136-147/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/148-159/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/160-171/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/172-183/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/184-195/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/196-207/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/208-219/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/220-231/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/232-243/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/244-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/244-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/244-255/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/268-279/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/280-291/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/292-303/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/304-315/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/316-327/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/328-339/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/340-351/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/352-363/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/364-375/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/376-387/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/388-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/388-399/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/400-411/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/412-423/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/424-435/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/436-447/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/448-459/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/460-471/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/472-483/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/484-495/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/496-507/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/508-519/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/520-531/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/532-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/532-543/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/544-555/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/556-567/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/568-579/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/580-591/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/592-603/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/604-615/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/616-627/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/628-639/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/640-651/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/652-663/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/664-675/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/676-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/676-687/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/688-699/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/700-711/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/712-723/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/724-735/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/736-747/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/748-759/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/760-771/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/772-783/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/784-795/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/796-807/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/808-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/820-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/820-831/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/832-843/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/844-855/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/856-867/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/868-879/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/880-891/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/904-915/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/916-927/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/928-939/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/940-951/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/952-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_HML/3f315f888da06a2f5fff464f8a20d149.webpZirids and Hammadids, Hilalian Migration, and Almoravid IntegrationPlate: North Africa, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_HMU/f1ba4914652d4735c92d99a9b70f3c4a.webpAlmohad Unification, Mediterranean Competition, and the Birth of Successor StatesPlate: North Africa, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LML/d9813e40723e4452763546197dc4d04c.webpMarinid, Zayyanid, and Hafsid Rivalry in an Interconnected MaghrebPlate: North Africa, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_LMU/6aecce98408f217e175fd77a68bb48cd.webpAndalusi Migration, Iberian Coastal Expansion, Saadian Emergence, and Ottoman EntryPlate: North Africa, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_EMOD/4c3f236104c416c46a66beb339a22a2f.webpOttoman Regencies, Saadian and Early Alaouite Morocco, and the Gunpowder MediterraneanPlate: North Africa, 1540 CE to 1683 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/North_Africa_HMOD/3812fcebcd124195c89d216799f4597d.webpAlaouite Consolidation, Autonomous Regencies, Atlantic Commerce, and European Naval AscendancyPlate: North Africa, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1828-1839/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1840-1851/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1852-1863/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1864-1875/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1876-1887/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1888-1899/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1912-1923/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1924-1935/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1948-1959/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1960-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1972-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1972-1983/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/1984-1995/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/north-africa/2008-2019/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediteranean_Southwest_Europe_with_civ._JrzItMp/96d87c5b865806c68d55bc910a72fda7.webpTaifa Courts, Norman Kings, and the Pilgrim AtlanticPlate: Southwest Europe, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediteranean_Southwest_Europe_with_civ._8Wjq3lK/5d57ea40772a225121ef7b58a5786c11.webpIberian Reconquest and the Mediterranean CrownPlate: Southwest Europe, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Mediteranean_Southwest_Europe_with_civ./9a375e53b082e8aea4867e893c42f0bb.webpMediterranean Thalassocracies and the Atlantic TurnPlate: Southwest Europe, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southwest-europe/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/northern-north-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_with_civ./9d8d4cd834df23f1edf67664bba76853.webpLucayan Beginnings, Arawakan Corridors, and the Western Canoe GatewaysPlate: West Indies, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_with_civ./9d8d4cd834df23f1edf67664bba76853.webpLucayan Voyages, Taíno Flourishing, and Island ConfederaciesPlate: West Indies, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_with_civ./9d8d4cd834df23f1edf67664bba76853.webpChiefly Networks and the Archipelagic WorldPlate: West Indies, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Northern_West_Indies_with_civ./9d8d4cd834df23f1edf67664bba76853.webpTaíno Chiefdoms and Island NetworksPlate: West Indies, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/west-indies/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_Major_EANT_9pecEnk/9d05df62c5fb57462ea99c85cd40a905.webpFrom Andean Hearths to Southern ShoresPlate: South America, 2637 BCE to 910 BCEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_with_civ./92c427a2a61d12751127bcd0d61fc802.webpTiwanaku Prestige, Wari Decline, and Southern FrontiersPlate: South America, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_with_civ._ta8wv6c/e75ecc0899afcc790d430c979c218faa.webpChimú Ascendancy and the Terra Preta NetworksPlate: South America, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/South_America_with_civ._1nRRHjn/864b7a4ceb2fc00deb62fab1ca387b44.webpChimú Apex and the Southern FrontiersPlate: South America, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/1900-1911/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-america/1936-1947/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_with_civ./0286c42fe7ad49045e705ba88b904e58.webpTerminal Classic Transformations, Isthmian Gateways, and the Renewal of TradePlate: Middle America, 820 CE to 963 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_with_civ._1ZpuAcP/692fdffe8843714b833860f313e33b18.webpGoldworking Chiefdoms, Toltec Horizons, and Maritime Cities of the ItzáPlate: Middle America, 964 CE to 1107 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_with_civ._1Bl9EM6/50e0e41a834d373d06642b6fa5c0450b.webpGold, Jade, and the Two-Ocean HighwayPlate: Middle America, 1108 CE to 1251 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_with_civ._CVfXhbN/b2e3456ac6cdfb9969b41fd0f6bb9f63.webpPostclassic Mosaics, Isthmian Corridors, and Seas of TradePlate: Middle America, 1252 CE to 1395 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_with_civ._hMvfCkz/381a40b5e78c2c1e789ce33b776acbdf.webpIsthmian Crossroads, Mesoamerican States, and the First Atlantic ConquestsPlate: Middle America, 1396 CE to 1539 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_with_civ._GCogSK3/963c17ce0f6be45065fe6b55ca206fb6.webpColonial Gateways, Silver Routes, and the Age of RevolutionsPlate: Middle America, 1684 CE to 1827 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/middle-america/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/media/CACHE/images/uploads/images/Isthmian_America_with_civ._5YnEiDF/f00e5c1211e8b177e96aef399416dd3c.webpEmpires Receding, Republics Emerging, and thePlate: Middle America, 1828 CE to 1971 CEhttps://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/south-atlantic/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/antarctica/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/macaronesia/1828-1971/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/-49293--28558/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/-28557--7822/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/-6093--4366/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/-4365--2638/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/-2637--910/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/-909-819/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/820-963/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/964-1107/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/1108-1251/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/1252-1395/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/1396-1539/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/1540-1683/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/1684-1827/https://www.historyatlas.com/plates/regions/southern-indian-ocean/1828-1971/