The Second Egyptian–Ottoman War or Second Turko–Egyptian War lasts from 1839 until 1841 and is fought mainly in Syria, where it is sometimes referred as the (Second) Syrian War.The decisive defeat of Ottoman troops at the Battle of Nizip (1839) and the desertion of the Ottoman fleet to Muhammad 'Ali leads to intervention by the European powers.
In July 1840, Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia agree to end Egyptian rule in Syria, shattering Muhammad 'Ali's hopes for greater independence from the Ottoman Empire.
In 1841 he and his family are granted the hereditary right to rule Egypt and the Sudan, but his power is still subject to restraints, and the sultan's suzerain rights remain intact.
