Chaldean and Aramaean tribes, aided by the Elamites across the Persian Gulf, stage another revolt against the Assyrian sub-king in Babylon.

Sennacherib launches a military campaign to subdue the rebels.

The Assyrians defeat the Chaldeans and Elamites in 691 at the inconclusive Battle of Halule on the Diyala River but suffer severe battle losses, causing Sennacherib to cease campaigning for nearly two years.

Mushezib-Marduk, the Chaldean prince chosen as King of Babylon, loses his ally when the Elamite king Humban-Numena III suffers a stroke later this same year, an opportunity Sennacherib quickly seizes by attacking Babylon, and eventually capturing it after a nine-month siege.

The Assyrians raze the city, then divert the waters of the Arakhatu Canal to flood the ruins, rendering Babylon’s inner city virtually uninhabitable.

The Assyrians begin reconstruction of the destroyed city in 683.