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King Charles I allows increasing Puritan agitation to reform "Romish" practices in the Church of England to be frustrated, which divides the country.

Charles summons Parliament after a several-year hiatus.

The so-called “Long Parliament” begins in 1640.

Parliament, the City, and the Navy line up against the King.

Civil War in England begins in 1642 between Charles and Parliament.

Income and property tax is introduced for the first time.

The Royal Society is formed in 1646 to support science.

Rosicrucians supposedly infiltrate the stone Masons, introducing mysticism and cabalism.