Leicester, like Anjou before him, endeavors to make himself absolute master of the country, relying on the support of popular Calvinism and of the outlying provinces that are jealous of Holland to create a strong centralized government under his authority.

Holland thwarts Leicester's efforts, which culminate in an attempted invasion of Holland from Utrecht in 1587.

Leicester has proven to be not only an incompetent commander but also a failure in his political role.

His policies, in violation of Elizabeth's instructions, and his arrogant manner have alienated the Dutch and result in his recall to England in 1587.

With Leicester's departure, the United Provinces put aside all efforts to obtain a foreign protectorate and stand forth as an independent state.