Ramon Berenguer III (”the Great”), the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Osona from 1082 (jointly with Berenguer Ramon II and solely from 1097), Besalú from 1111, Cerdanya from 1117, and Provence, in the Holy Roman Empire, ends local dynastic lordship over Provence when he marries its heiress, Douce, in 1112.

His dominions now stretch as far east as Nice; his rule heralds an era of sparkling Provençal literature and culture.