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People: Mariano Montilla
Topic: Grand Embassy of Peter the Great

Habsburg forces secure control of northeast Switzerland …

Years: 1799 - 1799
May

Habsburg forces secure control of northeast Switzerland from the French Army of the Danube in the Battle of Winterthur on May 27, 1799.

Hotze's force takes relatively high casualties—one thousand men killed, wounded or missing (twelve an a half percent percent) of his entire force of eight thousand—although his losses are comparable to Ney's eight hundred killed, wounded, or missing, from his seven thousand-man force (eleven and a half percent).

More importantly, Hotze has succeeded not only in pushing the French back from Winterthur but in uniting his force with Nauendorf and Charles'.

The unified Austrian force completes the semicircle around Masséna's positions at Zürich.

For the French, despite their success earlier at Frauenfeld, the action is considerably less successful.

In the clash, Ney has been sufficiently wounded that he takes immediate leave, and will remain out of action and command until July 22.

The conduct of the battle also demonstrates the weakness of the French command system, in which personal animosity and competition between high-ranking officers, in this case, Soult and Tharreau, undermine French military objectives.

Tharreau will eventually charged Soult with insubordination; Soult had outright refused to go to Ney's assistance, despite specific, and direct, orders to move his division to Ney's flanks.

Furthermore, the French had dangerously underestimated Austrian tenacity and military skill.

The white coats, as the French call the Austrians, are far better soldiers than the French had assumed, and despite such demonstrations as that at Ostrach, Stockach and Winterthur, the French will continue to hold this prejudice.

This will not change until 1809, when the Battle of Aspern-Essling and the Battle of Wagram a few weeks later will cause Napoleon to revise his opinion of the Austrian military.