Exiled from Berlin for his atheistic stance, Christian Wolff presently proceeds from Saxony to Marburg in Hesse-Kassel, to whose university he had received a call even before this crisis, which is now renewed.

Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, receives him with every mark of distinction, and the circumstances of his expulsion draw universal attention to his philosophy.

It is everywhere discussed.

The brothers Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm had published their two-volume collection of European folk tales in 1812 and 1815.

The brothers,  philologist scholars, had added to the collection from 1807 onward.

Jacob had established the framework, maintained through many iterations; from 1815 until his death, Wilhelm assumes sole responsibility for editing and rewriting the tales.

He makes the tales stylistically similar, adds dialogue, improved the plots, and incorporates psychological motifs.

Over the years, Wilhelm works extensively on the prose, expands and adds detail to the stories to the point that many grow to be twice the length of those in the earliest published editions.

In the later editions, Wilhelm polishes the language to make it more enticing to a bourgeois audience, eliminates sexual elements, and adds Christian elements.

After 1819, he begins writing for children (children were not initially considered the primary audience), adding entirely new tales or adding new elements to existing tales, elements that are often strongly didactic.

Some changes are made in light of unfavorable reviews, particularly from those who object that not all the tales are suitable for children because of scenes of violence and sexuality.

He works to modify plots for many stories; for example, "Rapunzel" in the first edition of Kinder-und Hausmärchen clearly shows a sexual relationship between the prince and the girl in the tower, which he edits out in subsequent editions.

Wilhelm Grimm, the younger of the Brothers Grimm, produces his one major scholarly treatise, “Die deutsche Heldensage” (“German Heroic Legends”) in 1829, enumerating the heroes and legends of the German people.

German philosopher Martin Heidegger, born in rural Meßkirch, Germany and raised a Roman Catholic, was the son of the sexton of the village church.

His family could not afford to send him to university, so he entered a Jesuit seminary.

After studying theology at the University of Freiburg from 1909 to 1911, he switched to philosophy.

Heidegger completed his doctoral thesis on psychologism in 1914, and in 1916 finished his venia legendi with a thesis on John Duns Scotus.

In the two years following, he worked first as an unsalaried Privatdozent, then served as a soldier during the final year of the Great War, working behind a desk and never leaving Germany.

After the war, he served as a salaried senior assistant to Edmund Husserl at the University of Freiburg until 1923, when he had been elected to an extraordinary Professorship in Philosophy at the University of Marburg.

His colleagues there include Rudolf Bultmann, Ernst Friedländer, Nicolai Hartmann, and Paul Natorp.

Heidegger's students at Marburg include Hans-Georg Gadamer, Hannah Arendt, Karl Löwith, Gerhard Krüger, Leo Strauss, Gunther (Stern) Anders, and Hans Jonas.

His best known book, Being and Time, is generally considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century.

Although written quickly, and despite the fact that Heidegger never completed the project outlined in the introduction, it remains his most important work and will profoundly influence 20th-century philosophy, particularly existentialism, hermeneutics and deconstruction.