Bruno the Great: Archbishop, Duke, and Regent of West Francia (956)

Bruno the Great, the younger brother of Otto I of Germany, was not only Archbishop of Cologne (since 953) but also Duke of Lotharingia, making him one of the most powerful figures in 10th-century Europe. His dual authority as both a spiritual and secular ruler earned him the title of "Archduke," as recorded by his biographer Ruotger.

Following the deaths of King Louis IV of West Francia in 954 and Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks, in 956, Bruno steps in as regent of West Francia, acting on behalf of his nephews:

• Lothair (b. 941), now King of West Francia, the son of Louis IV and Gerberga of Saxony (Bruno’s sister).
• Hugh Capet (b. 941), Duke of the Franks, son of Hugh the Great and Hedwige of Saxony (also Bruno’s sister).

Bruno’s Role as Regent of West Francia (956–965)

1. Maintaining Stability in West Francia

   • With Lothair still a minor, Bruno serves as his regent, guiding the young Carolingian king through a period of political instability.
   • He also ensures that Hugh Capet, the heir to Hugh the Great, remains a powerful noble but does not threaten the monarchy.

2. Strengthening Ottonian Influence in France

   • As maternal uncle to both Lothair and Hugh Capet, Bruno’s regency extends Ottonian influence into West Francia.
   • This helps Otto I’s empire maintain a balance of power over its western neighbor, preventing West Francia from falling into complete chaos.

3. Defending Lotharingia and West Francia

   • As Duke of Lotharingia, Bruno ensures the stability of this contested region, preventing further West Frankish interference.
   • His control over Lotharingia and West Francia places him in a unique position of influence across both realms.

Conclusion: The Most Powerful Man After Otto I

Bruno the Great’s position as both archbishop and duke made him the most powerful man after Otto I in the Holy Roman Empire and beyond. His role as regent of West Francia ensured that Ottonian control extended into France, stabilizing the Carolingian monarchy under King Lothair and managing the rising power of Hugh Capet, setting the stage for the eventual Capetian takeover of France in 987.