A social and political system evolves in which the Aryans dominate, but various indigenous peoples and ideas are accommodated and absorbed.

The caste system that will remain characteristic of Hinduism also evolves.

One theory is that the three highest castes—Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas—were composed of Aryans, while a lower caste—the Sudras—comes from the indigenous peoples.