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People: Francis de Lorraine II, Prince of Joinville Guise
Location: Bressanone (Brixen) Trentino-Alto Adige Italy

Amid these activities in China comes an …

Years: 1852 - 1863

Amid these activities in China comes an attempt to arrest the dynastic decline of the Qing by restoring the traditional order.

The effort is known as the Tongzhi Restoration, named for the Tongzhi Emperor (1862-74), and is engineered by the young emperor's mother, the Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908).

The restoration, however, which applies "practical knowledge" while reaffirming the old mentality, is not a genuine program of modernization.