The issue of United States recognition of Haiti is again debated in the Senate in the 1820's.

Southern senators refuse to acknowledge a nation formed by black slaves who rebelled against white slaveholders.

“Our policy with regard to Haiti is plain”, insists Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, a former attorney general and commander of the troops during the Vesey Rebellion. “We never can acknowledge her independence.”

He and other Jacksonians also oppose U.S. participation in a conference of the Americas proposed by Simón Bolívar, largely because it would mean dealing with black Haitian representatives as peers.