The Ahrensburg culture or Ahrensburgian (eleventh to tenth millennia BP) is a late Upper Paleolithic nomadic hunter culture (or technocomplex) in north-central Europe during the Younger Dryas, the last spell of cold at the end of the Weichsel glaciation resulting in deforestation and the formation of a tundra with bushy arctic white birch and rowan.

The most important prey is the wild reindeer.

The earliest definite finds of arrow and bow date to this culture, though these weapons might have been invented earlier.

The Ahrensburgian is preceded by the Hamburg and Federmesser cultures and superseded by the Maglemosian and Swiderian cultures.

Ahrensburgian finds are made in southern and western Scandinavia, the North German plain and western Poland.

The Ahrensburgian area also includes vast stretches of land now at the bottom of the North and Baltic Sea, since during the Younger Dryas the coastline takes a much more northern course than today.

The culture is named after a tunnel valley near the village of Ahrensburg, twenty-five kilometers (sixteen miles) northeast of Hamburg in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, where Ahrensburg find layers were excavated in Meiendorf, Stellmoor and Borneck.

While these as well as the majority of other find sites date to the Young Dryas, the Ahrensburgian find layer in Alt Duvenstedt has been dated to the very late Allerød, thus possibly representing an early stage of Ahrensburgian which might have corresponded to the Bromme culture in the north. Artefacts with tanged points are found associated with both the Bromme and the Ahrensburg cultures.