The boundaries of the great powers of Eastern and central Europe shift, after 1815, to the West.

The congress invites in France’s Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord to break a deadlock over the demands of Prussia for all of Saxony and of Russia for all of Poland.

Talleyrand supports Metternnich and Castlereagh in successfully forcing Prussia and Russia to reduce their claims.

At the close of the congress in June of 1815, Prussia receives Westphalia, a non-contiguous Rhine Province and a third of Saxony.

Russia takes more chunks out of Polish territory, receiving most of the grand duchy of Warsaw and leaving only the city-state of Krakow; the Russians also keep Finland.

Sardinia receives Nice and Savoy.

The congress awards Norway, ceded by Denmark in exchange for Lauenburg, to the Kingdom of Sweden.

Lombardy and Venetia are given to Austria.

The congress confirms Austrian imperial control of most of the peoples of southeastern Europe, including Germans, Hungarians, Italians, Slavs and others.

The Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland is signed on November 27, 1815, creating Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy in personal union with the Russian Empire, under terms agreed at the Congress of Vienna.

The Kingdom of Poland had been created out of the Duchy of Warsaw, a French client state, at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 when the great powers reorganize Europe following the Napoleonic wars.

The creation of the Kingdom has created a partition of Polish lands in which the state is divided among Russia, Austria and Prussia.

The Congress is important enough in the creation of the state to cause the new country to be named for it.

Polish authorities create the University of Warsaw on November 19, 1816, by the permission of Tsar Alexander I, comprising five departments: Law and Administration, Medicine, Philosophy, Theology, and Art and Humanities.

In 1795 the partitions of Poland had left Warsaw with access only to the Academy of Vilnius; the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, the University of Kraków, had become part of Habsburg Austria.

In 1815, the newly established autonomous Congress Poland de facto belonging to the Russian Empire had found itself without a university at all, as Vilnius had been incorporated into Russia.

The first to be established in Congress Poland were the Law School and the Medical School.