The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit, known also simply as Pauline Fathers, is a monastic order of the Roman Catholic Church, founded in Hungary during the thirteenth century.

Its post-nominal letters are O.S.P.P.E.This name is derived from the hermit Saint Paul of Thebes (died ca.

345), canonized in 491 by Pope Gelasius I.

After his death, a monastery taking him as its model was founded on Mount Sinai and still exists today.