The Piscataway also referred to as the Piscataway Indian Nation, are Native Americans, at one time constituting the most populous and powerful Native polities of the Chesapeake Bay region.

They speak Algonquian Piscataway, a dialect of Nanticoke.

One of their neighboring tribes, with whom they merge after a massive decline of population following two centuries of interactions with European settlers, calls them Conoy.Two major groups representing Piscataway descendants receive state recognition as Native American tribes in 2012: the Piscataway Indian Nation and Tayac Territory and the Piscataway Conoy Tribe of Maryland.

Within the latter group is included the Piscataway Conoy Confederacy and Sub-Tribes and the Cedarville Band of Piscataway Indians.

All these groups are located in Southern Maryland.

None is federally recognized.