Gerontius has by this time promoted one Maximus (his son, or possibly one of his staff), to the rank of Augustus.

Gerontius now marches into Gaul, leaving Maximus in Spain.

Constantine's response to this tightening circle of enemies is a final desperate gamble: encouraged by the entreaties of Honorius' magister equitum, Allobichus, who wants to replace Honorius with a more capable ruler, Constantine marches on Italy with the remaining troops left to him, crossing the Alps into Liguria.

When he learns of the death of Allobichus, whom Honorius had suspected of treachery, Constantine is forced to retreat into Gaul in the late spring of 410.

He is now faced by troops from Spain who have invaded Gaul under Gerontius, who besieges him in Arles.

Constantine's fear of an attack from Hispania despite his best efforts comes to pass in 411, when Gerontius advances with the support of his barbarian allies.

Aetius arrives with an army of roughly forty thousand in southern Gaul in 427 to find Arelate, an important city in Septimania near the mouth of the Rhone, under siege from the Visigoths led by their king Theodoric I. Aetius defeats Theodoric, lifts the siege, and drives the Visigoths back to their holdings in Aquitania.

Aetius defeats the Visigoths at Arles, forcing them to return to Aquitaine.

The general Aetius, fighting continuously and successfully in Gaul against rebels and hostile tribes, takes back Arles in 436.

The Visigoths, ably led by their king Euric, take most of Gaul and Spain, including the city of Arles in 470.

Caesarius becomes bishop of Arles.

His episcopal see, near the mouth of the Rhone River and close to Marseille, will retain its ancient importance in social and commercial life of Gaul for forty years.

The citizens of Arles, in Gaul, successfully repulse an attack by Franks and Burgundians in 508; Jews play a significant role in the city's defense.

Isidore of Seville provides a hint that Gundobad had exploited the Visigothic defeat at Vouillé by plundering Narbonne.

Delayed by the threat of the Imperial Navy, which had been hovering off the Italian shore around the time of the battle, the Ostrogothic army arrives to relieve the Burgundian siege of Arles, heroically defended by its inhabitants with the assistance of the Ostrogothic general Theudis.