…Chiusi in Etruria produce fine red-figure ware.

Etruscan territory has shrunk as a direct result of challenges by the Latin League in central Italy.

Celtic tribes (“Gauls” according to Roman historian Levy and others); called Senones by Polybius), under King Brennus, had crossed the Alps in about 400, and shatter the Etruscan defenses at Clusium (Chiusi) in 391.

A call for aid brings a Roman peace delegation that attempts, vainly, to persuade the Gauls to return north, apparently offering a diplomatic insult in the process.

Refusing, …

Carbo opens the campaign year of 82 BCE by taking his forces to the north to oppose Pompey while Marius moves against Sulla in the south.

Carbo fights an indecisive engagement with Sulla near Clusium, but ...

...Rodolfo Baglioni, with three thousand men, invades the Val di Chiana to conquer Chiusi, ...