…Starodub.
Lithuanian Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellon, preoccupied with his succession in the Kingdom of Poland, does not participate in the campaign.
…Starodub, and lands around the upper Oka River.
Russian historian Matvei Kuzmich Liubavskii counts Lithuanian losses at seventy volosts, twenty-two towns, and thirteen villages.
The Lithuanians also acknowledge Ivan's title sovereign of all Russia.
…Starodub and …
"If you would understand anything, observe its beginning and its development."
— Aristotle, Politics, Book I, Chapter 2
