Haitian president Jean-Pierre Boyer takes advantage of internecine conflict in Santo Domingo, while José Cáceres' request for admission to Gran Colombia is in transit, by invading the newly founded Dominican Republic from the east to secure the Spanish part of Hispaniola on February 6, 1822.

Succeeding where Toussaint and Dessalines had failed, Boyer abolishes slavery here and confiscates church property.

The issue of United States recognition of Haiti is again debated in the Senate in the 1820's.

Southern senators refuse to acknowledge a nation formed by black slaves who rebelled against white slaveholders.

“Our policy with regard to Haiti is plain”, insists Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, a former attorney general and commander of the troops during the Vesey Rebellion. “We never can acknowledge her independence.”

He and other Jacksonians also oppose U.S. participation in a conference of the Americas proposed by Simón Bolívar, largely because it would mean dealing with black Haitian representatives as peers.