The Battle of Pagan, fought in 1287 between Kublai Khan's Mongol Yuan dynasty of China, and their neighbors to the south, the Pagan Empire, is initiated by the Mongols, who sense opportunity in the political turmoil caused by their successful 1283 invasion of the Pagan Empire in the Battle of Bhamo.

By the end of the battle, the Mongols have occupied much of the Pagan Empire and its capital city Pagan; although they quickly restore a member of the royal family as a puppet monarch, the empire crumbles as most of its territories declared independence.