The French troops retreat to France from…
November 1813 CE
The Netherlands had been annexed to the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810, but now city after city has been evacuated by the French occupation troops.
In the ensuing power vacuum a number of former Orangist politicians and former Patriots form a provisional government in November 1813.
It is headed by a triumvirate of three Dutch noblemen, Frans Adam van der Duyn van Maasdam, Leopold of Limburg Stirum and Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp.
This Driemanschap formally takes control over the liberated country on November 20 and declares the Principality of the United Netherlands a day thereafter.
It is taken for granted that any new regime will have to be headed by William Frederick, the son of the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, William V.
Although many members of the provisional government had helped drive out William V eighteen years earlier, most of its leading members agree that it will be better for the Dutch to invite William Frederick themselves rather than have him imposed by the Allies.
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