White Democrats have passed Jim Crow laws,…
1889 CE
In 1889, the Louisiana legislature passes a state constitutional amendment incorporating a "grandfather clause" that effectively disfranchises freedmen as well as the propertied people of color manumitted before the war.
Unable to vote, African Americans cannot serve on juries or in local office, and will be closed out of formal politics for generations.
The South is ruled by a white Democratic Party.
Public schools are racially segregated and will remain so until 1960.
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Northern North America
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