Abdur Rahman Khan, amir of Afghanistan, concludes…

Abdur Rahman Khan, amir of Afghanistan, concludes border agreements with Russia after failing to retake the Panjdeh oasis.

The Hazaras rise up in 1892 against Abdur Rahman's Afghan government, which brutally suppresses the revolt.

The Durand line—named for Sir Mortimer Durand, who induces Abdur Rahman to agree to the boundary established in the Hindu Kush—settles the Indo-Afghan frontier problem under an agreement concluded with Britain in 1893.

This is a standard divide-and-rule policy of the British and will lead to strained relations, especially in the latter twentieth century with the new state of state of Pakistan.

Abdur Rahman's relinquishment of hereditary rights over the tribes on the eastern border leaves great numbers of Afghans (Pashtuns) on the British side of the line.

The agreement confirms Afghanistan's loss of control over the principal routes of access to the Indus valley.

Afghanistan concludes another border agreement with Russia in 1895.

Hazarajat, with its largely Shi'a population, and Kafiristan, still partly polytheistic, have remained politically independent until being conquered by Abdur Rahman Khan in 1891–1896.

Abdur Rahman Khan, who has thus conquered the Kafiristan region for Islam, renames the people the Nuristani ("Enlightened Ones" in Persian) and the land as Nuristan ("Land of the Enlightened").