Rafael Carrera is declared "supreme and perpetual…
1852 CE to 1863 CE
He will hold this position until he dies on April 14, 1865.
While he pursues some measures to set up a foundation for economic prosperity to please the conservative landowners, military challenges at home and a three-year war with Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua dominate his presidency.
His rivalry with Gerardo Barrios, President of El Salvador, results in open war in 1863.
The Guatemalans suffer a severe defeat by the Salvadorans at Coatepeque, which is followed by a truce.
Honduras joins with El Salvador, and Nicaragua and Costa Rica with Guatemala.
The contest is finally settled in favor of Guatemala's Rafael Carrera, who besieges and occupied San Salvador, and dominates Honduras and Nicaragua.
He continues to act in concert with the Clerical Party, and tries to maintain friendly relations with European governments.
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Middle America
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