Antisthenes, who had been a student and…
365 BCE
Antisthenes, who had been a student and friend of Socrates, considers virtue the highest value in life, since it flows from the knowledge of what is good.
Like Socrates, Antisthenes teaches that happiness is solely dependent on one's own moral virtue, not on the possession of material goods.
Unlike Socrates, Antisthenes advocates harsh and ascetic self-denial, whereas Socrates had urged temperance and self-control.
Born in about 445 BCE, Antisthenes, was the son of Antisthenes, an Athenian; his mother was a Thracian.
He fought in his youth hat Tanagra in 426 BCE, and was a disciple first of Gorgias, and then of Socrates, at whose death he was present.
He never forgave his master's persecutors, and is even said to have been instrumental in procuring their punishment.
He survived the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE, as he is reported to have compared the victory of the Thebans to a set of schoolboys beating their master.
One source tells us that he died at the age of seventy, but he was apparently still alive in 366 BCE, and he must have been nearer to eighty years old around 365 BCE when he dies at Athens.
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