By 19 BCE, Augustus …
Years: 19BCE - 19BCE
By 19 BCE, Augustus returns to Rome, having left the final pacification of Hispania in the hands of his trusted deputy, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. In Gaul and Spain, Agrippa successfully subdues the Cantabrians, a fiercely independent Iberian-Celtic tribe regarded as the most warlike people of the peninsula.
With their defeat, the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula is effectively complete. However, while major hostilities end in 19 BCE, sporadic rebellions continue until 16 BCE.
As in other conquered territories, Rome begins imposing its administrative and social reforms. Yet, despite the heavy losses suffered by the indigenous population, local resistance remains strong, forcing the Romans to station two legions—X Gemina and IIII Macedonica—in the region for another seventy years to maintain control.
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Years: 19BCE - 19BCE
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