Black Hungarians are mentioned, sometimes in opposition…

Black Hungarians are mentioned, sometimes in opposition to White Hungarians, in just a few contemporary sources; none of the sources expands upon the exact nature of the relationship between the Black Magyars and the "mainstream" Hungarian population, nor is the origin and meaning of their name clear.

The Black Hungarians are known to have participated in some military campaign in Kiev; after the conquest, they resisted the Christian mission even after the coronation of King Stephen I of Hungary in 1000 or 1001.

Bruno of Querfurt had tried in 1003 to convert the Black Hungarians; then Azzo, the legate of the pope led the missionary work among them, but they insisted on their faith; therefore, some of them had been blinded.

King Stephen I launches a campaign against them in around 1008, and conquers their territories ("Black Hungary").