Cnut, immediately after his return from Rome,…

Cnut, immediately after his return from Rome, leads an army into Scotland and makes vassals of Malcolm, the High King of Scotland, and two other kings, one of whom, Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, is a sea-king whose lands include Galloway and the Isle of Man and who in 1036 will become king of Dublin.

All these and likely also the Welsh pay tribute, on the model of the Danegeld that Æthelred had instituted to pay off the Danes.

Cnut is thus reasserting the dominion over the Celtic kingdoms that recent English kings had had to let lapse, as well as punishing those who had supported Olaf against him.