...Damascus form clandestine political societies in response…
1914 CE
...Damascus form clandestine political societies in response to Turkish nationalism, such as the Ottoman Decentralization Party, based in Cairo; Al Fatat (The Young Arabs), formed by students in 1911; and Al Ahd (The Covenant Society), formed primarily by army officers in 1914.
The Arab nationalism espoused by these groups lacks support, however, among the Arab masses.