Mulay Zidan had established friendly relations with the Low Countries, with the help of envoys such as Samuel Pallache, and from 1609 had developed a Treaty of Friendship.

He has sent several more envoys to the Low Countries, such as Muhammad Alguazir, Al-Hajari and Yusuf Biscaino.

James I of England has sent the diplomat John Harisson to Morocco in 1610 and again in 1613 and 1615 in order to obtain the release of English captives.

Mainwaring's relations with the Moors are such that he is able to secure the release of their English prisoners.

So feared is Mainwaring’s pirate fleet that Spain offers him a pardon and high command in return for his services under the Spanish flag.

Sidi al-Ayashi manages to briefly re-capture al-Mamura, and extends his power as far as

Taza.