The London–Paris telephone system is officially opened…
March 1891 CE
The London–Paris telephone system is officially opened to the general public on March 18, 1891.
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At first, the school is named after the surrounding Immaculate Conception parish and oes not offer higher education.
SU is today the largest independent university in the Northwest United States, with over seventy-five hundred students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs within eight schools.
The Auckland University Students' Association is founded in New Zealand in 1891.
The constitution of the AUSA centers the organiszation around student advocacy and the provision of welfare services.
Lenin scores first in his class and passes law examinations at the University of Saint Petersburg in 1891.
He moves to Samsara to practice law.
Russia accelerates industrialism and eastern expansion, and begins to build the TransSiberian railway in 1891.
The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey, in full, depicts a supposedly historical tableau, set in 1676, and based on the legend of Cossacks sending a reply to an ultimatum of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV.
The original reply, if it ever existed, has not survived.
According to the story, the Zaporozhian Cossacks (from "beyond the rapids", Ukrainian: za porohamy), inhabiting the lands around the lower Dnieper River in Ukraine, had defeated Ottoman Empire forces in battle.
However, Mehmed demanded that the Cossacks submit to Ottoman rule.
The Cossacks, led by Ivan Sirko, replied in an uncharacteristic manner: they wrote a letter, replete with insults and profanities
The painting exhibits the Cossacks' pleasure at striving to come up with ever more base vulgarities.
During Repin's time, the Cossacks enjoy great popular sympathy.
Repin also admires them.
Alexander III buys the painting for thirty-five thousand rubles, at this time the greatest sum ever paid for a Russian painting.
The canvas has been exhibited ever since in the State Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg.
The nineteenth century has been a period of great change throughout Europe, and Sweden is no exception.
Its rural way of life is rapidly giving way to an industrialized society and many fear that the country's many traditional customs and occupations might be lost to history.
Hazelius, who had previously founded the Nordic Museum on the island of Djurgården near the center of Stockholm, had been inspired by the open-air museum, founded by King Oscar II in Kristiania in 1881, when he created his open-air museum on the hill that dominates the island.
Skansen will become the model for other early open-air museums in Scandinavia and later ones elsewhere.
Skansen is originally a part of the Nordic Museum, but will become an independent organization in 1963.
The objects within the Skansen buildings will remain the property of the Nordic Museum.
After extensive traveling, Hazelius had bought around one hundred and fifty houses from all over the country (as well as one structure from Telemark in Norway) and had had them shipped piece by piece to the museum, where they have been rebuilt to provide a unique picture of traditional Sweden.
Only three of the buildings in the museum are not original, and had been painstakingly copied from examples he had found.
All of the buildings are open to visitors and show the full range of Swedish life from manor houses to farmhouses.
Britain begins to fear the growing power of collectivist-militarist Germany and her demands on world trade and Empire.
Paul Ehrlich determines dosages for the diphtheria antitoxin discovered by fellow German bacteriologist Emil Adolf von Behring.
Hermann von Helmholtz becomes the first director of the Physico-Technical Institute in Berlin in 1891.
The German Social Democratic party upholds revolutionary Marxism through the Erfurt program, much of it authored by Karl Kautsky.