Elam is on occasion tributary to powerful…

Elam is on occasion tributary to powerful Mesopotamian kingdoms during the third millennium.

The city of Susa is the capital of a state called SuSan, which occupies approximately the same territory of modern Khuzestan Province centered on the Karun River.

Control of SuSan has shifted between Elam, Sumer, and Akkad.

Susan is sometimes mistaken as synonymous with Elam, but it is a distinct and separate cultural and political entity.

Incorporated by Sargon the Great into his Akkadian Empire in approximately 2330 BCE, it remains capital of an Akkadian province until around 2240 BCE, when its governor, Kutik-Inshushinak, rises up in rebellion and liberates it, making it a literary center.