Joseph Swan had begun working on a…

Joseph Swan had begun working on a light bulb using carbonized paper filaments in an evacuated glass bulb in 1850.

He is able to demonstrate a working device by 1860, and obtains a U.K. patent covering a partial vacuum, carbon filament incandescent lamp.

However, the lack of a good vacuum and an adequate electric source results in an inefficient bulb with a short life.