The Shogunate announces its intention to lead…

The Shogunate announces its intention to lead a Second Chōshū expedition to punish the renegade domain following a coup within Chōshū, which returns to power the extremist factions opposed to the Shogunate.

This in turn prompts Chōshū to form a secret alliance with Satsuma.

In the Shogunate’s second punitive expedition against Chōshū from June 1866, the Shogunate is defeated by the more modern and better organized troops of Chōshū.

The new Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, manages to negotiate a ceasefire due to the death of the previous Shogun, but the prestige of the Shogunate is nevertheless seriously affected.

This reversal encourages the Bakufu to take drastic steps towards modernization.