In 1918, a referendum approves the new…

In 1918, a referendum approves the new constitution by a vote of 98,225 to 768.

Generally a liberal document, the constitution allows foreigners to purchase land, a practice viewed as anathema by most Haitians since 1804, when Dessalines had forbidden land ownership by foreigners.

Unrest over the U.S. occupation culminates in a 1918 rebellion by up to 40,000 former cacos and other disgruntled people.

The scale of the uprising overwhelms the Gendarmerie, but Marine reinforcements help quell the revolt at the estimated cost of 2,000 Haitian lives.