The first major battle of the war…

The first major battle of the war ends in a Confederate victory in the First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas Junction, Virginia, on  July 22, 1861.

Over twenty-eight thousand poorly trained Union forces under Brigadier General Irvin McDowell and Major General Robert Patterson are routed by some thirty-two thousand Confederates commanded by Brigadier General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard and Major General Joseph E. Johnston, as well as Colonel Thomas Jonathan Jackson (later to be known as Stonewall Jackson).

The Union has the upper hand at first, nearly pushing confederate forces holding a defensive position into a rout, but Confederate reinforcements under Joseph E. Johnston arrive from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad, and the course of the battle quickly changes.

A brigade of Virginians under the relatively unknown brigadier general from the Virginia Military Institute, Thomas J. Jackson, stands its ground, which results in Jackson receiving his famous nickname, "Stonewall".

The Union forces stampede back to Washington in panic, losing four hundred and eighteen of their number to the Confederates' thirty-eight.

The Confederates also list 1,522 wounded and 12 missing.

Union wounded number 1,011, and 1,216 are reported missing.