Lothian, lying between the southern shore of…

Lothian, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills, had in the seventh century become the northern part of the Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria.

Sometime in the reign of king Idulb (954-62), the Scots had captured the fortress called oppidum Eden, i.e., almost certainly Edinburgh.

It was the first Scottish foothold in Lothian.

Completing their conquest of Scotland, the Scots annex Lothian in 973.

Notable in Scotland for being the only part of the nation to have been mainly Anglo-Saxon throughout the history of the Kingdom of Scotland, Lothian was described by Adam of Dryburgh as "The land of the English in the Kingdom of the Scots".