Malwa had become part of the Gupta…

Malwa had become part of the Gupta Empire during the reign of Chandragupta II (375–413), also known as Vikramaditya, who had conquered the region, driving out the Western Kshatrapas.

The Gupta period is widely regarded as a golden age in the history of Malwa, when Ujjain serves as the empire's western capital.

Kalidasa, Aryabhata and Varahamihira are all based in Ujjain, which has emerged as a major center of learning, especially in astronomy and mathematics.

Around 500, Malwa had reemerged from the dissolving Gupta Empire as a separate kingdom.