Most of mainland Greece and the Aegean…
1540 CE to 1683 CE
The only part of the Greek-speaking world that escapes long-term Ottoman rule was the Ionian Islands, which will remain Venetian until their capture by the First French Republic in 1797, then pass to the United Kingdom in 1809 until their unification with Greece in 1864.
While some Greeks in the Ionian Islands and Constantinople live in prosperity, and Greeks of Constantinople (Phanariotes) achieve positions of power within the Ottoman administration, much of the population of mainland Greece suffers the economic consequences of the Ottoman conquest.
Heavy taxes are enforced, and in later years the Ottoman Empire enacts a policy of creation of hereditary estates, effectively turning the rural Greek populations into serfs.
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Southeast Europe
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